Ngā tawhā āhuatanga taketake o ngā taputapu whakaahua tohu whatu

Ngā tawhā āhuatanga taketake o te tohu whatunga kaitirotiro whakaahua:

I mua i te tirotiro i ngā momo whakaahua-kite, ko ngā tawhā āhuatanga o te mahi whakahaere ongā pūoko whakaahua tohu whatukua whakarāpopototia. Kei roto i ēnei āhuatanga ko te arotau, te urupare ā-ira, te mana ōrite haruru (NEP), te kimi motuhake, me te kimi motuhake. D*), te whai huatanga matū, me te wā urupare.

1. Ka whakamahia te Rd hei whakaahua i te aro o te taputapu ki te kaha o te hihi whatu. Ka tohuhia e te ōwehenga o te tohu putanga ki te tohu taupatupatu. Kāore tēnei āhuatanga e whakaata i ngā āhuatanga haruru o te taputapu, engari ko te whai huatanga o te huri i te kaha o te hihi hikohiko ki te iahiko, ki te ngaohiko rānei. Nō reira, ka rerekē pea i runga i te roanga ngaru o te tohu mārama taupatupatu. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga urupare mana he mahi anō hoki nā te pānga i whakamahia me te pāmahana taiao.

2. Ko te āhuatanga urupare āwhata he tawhā e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te āhuatanga urupare mana o te pūoko tohu whatu me te mahi roangaru o te tohu whatu taupatupatu. Ko ngā āhuatanga urupare āwhata o ngā pūoko whakaahua tohu whatu i ngā roangaru rerekē ka whakaahuahia i te nuinga o te wā mā te "piko urupare āwhata". Me mōhio ko ngā āhuatanga urupare āwhata teitei rawa anake i roto i te pihi ka whakatauritea e te uara tino, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga urupare āwhata kē atu i ngā roangaru rerekē ka whakaatuhia e ngā uara whanaunga kua whakaritea i runga i te uara teitei rawa o ngā āhuatanga urupare āwhata.

3. Ko te mana ōrite o te haruru ko te mana tohu mārama taupatupatu e hiahiatia ana ina rite te ngaohiko tohu putanga i hangaia e te pūoko tohu whatu ki te taumata ngaohiko haruru ā-roto o te taputapu tonu. Koinei te mea matua e whakatau ana i te kaha tohu whatu iti rawa ka taea te ine e te pūoko tohu whatu, arā, te aro ki te kimi.

4. Ko te aro ki te kimi motuhake he tawhā āhuatanga e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-roto o te rauemi whakaahua-aro o te pūoko. Koinei te iti rawa o te kiato o te iahiko photon ka taea te ine e te pūoko tohu whatu. Ka rerekē tōna uara i runga i ngā āhuatanga mahi o te pūoko roangaru o te tohu mārama i inehia (pēnei i te pāmahana taiao, te pānga kua whakamahia, me ētahi atu). Ko te nui ake o te whānui o te pūoko, ko te nui ake o te horahanga o te pūoko tohu whatu, ko te iti ake o te mana ōrite haruru NEP, ā, ko te teitei ake o te aro ki te kimi motuhake. Ko te teitei ake o te aro ki te kimi motuhake o te pūoko he tikanga he pai mō te kimi i ngā tohu whatu ngoikore rawa atu.

5. Ko te whai huatanga kuantum Q tētahi atu tawhā āhuatanga nui o te pūoko tohu whatu. Ka tautuhia ko te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā "tauhohenga" ka taea te ine i hangaia e te photomon i roto i te pūoko ki te maha o ngā photon e tau ana ki te mata o te rauemi whakaahua-ā-ahua. Hei tauira, mō ngā pūoko tohu mārama e mahi ana i runga i te tukunga photon, ko te whai huatanga kuantum te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā irahiko whakaahua e tukuna ana mai i te mata o te rauemi whakaahua-ā-ahua ki te maha o ngā photon o te tohu i inehia e whakaatahia ana ki te mata. I roto i tētahi pūoko tohu whatu e whakamahi ana i te rauemi haurua haurua hononga pn hei rauemi whakaahua-ā-ahua, ka tatauhia te whai huatanga kuantum o te pūoko mā te wehewehe i te maha o ngā takirua pū irahiko i hangaia e te tohu mārama i inehia ki te maha o ngā photon tohu tau. Ko tētahi atu whakaaturanga noa o te whai huatanga kuantum o tētahi pūoko tohu whatu ko te whakamahi i te Rd o te pūoko.

6. He tawhā nui te wā urupare hei whakaahua i te tere urupare o te pūoko tohu whatu ki te huringa kaha o te tohu mārama kua inehia. Ina hurihia te tohu mārama kua inehia hei ahua o te pā o te mārama, me "piki" te kaha o te tohu hiko pā i hangaia e tana mahi ki te pūoko ki te "tihi" e rite ana i muri i tētahi wā urupare, ā, mai i te "tihi" ka hoki ki te "uara kore" tuatahi e rite ana ki te mahi a te pā o te mārama. Hei whakaahua i te urupare a te pūoko ki te huringa kaha o te tohu mārama kua inehia, ko te wā e piki ake ai te kaha o te tohu hiko i hangaia e te pā o te mārama mai i tōna uara teitei o te 10% ki te 90% ka kiia ko te "wā piki", ā, ko te wā e heke iho ai te ngaru o te pā o te tohu hiko mai i tōna uara teitei o te 90% ki te 10% ka kiia ko te "wā hinga" te "wā pirau" rānei.

7. Ko te rārangi urupare tētahi atu tawhā āhuatanga nui e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga mahi i waenga i te urupare o te pūoko tohu whatu me te kaha o te tohu mārama i inehia. E hiahiatia ana te putanga o tepūoko tohu whatukia ōrite ki roto i tētahi whānuitanga o te kaha o te tohu whatu i inehia. Ko te tikanga, ko te ōrau rerekētanga mai i te raina whakauru-putanga i roto i te whānuitanga kua tohua o te kaha tohu whatu whakauru ko te raina urupare o te pūoko tohu whatu.