Ko te Nanolaser he momo taputapu moroiti me te nano e hangaia ana mai i ngā rauemi nano pērā i te nanowire hei resonator, ā, ka taea te tuku i te laser i raro i te whakaoho whakaahua, i te whakaoho hiko rānei. Ko te rahi o tēnei laser he rau maikoroni noa iho, he tekau maikoroni rānei, ā, ko te diameter e tae atu ana ki te raupapa nanometer, he wāhanga nui tēnei o te whakaaturanga kiriata angiangi o muri mai, ngā whatu whakauru me ētahi atu mara.
Te whakarōpūtanga o te nanolaser:
1. Taiaho nanowire
I te tau 2001, i hangaia e ngā kairangahau i Te Whare Wānanga o California, Berkeley, i te Hononga o Amerika, te taiaho iti rawa o te ao – ngā nanoraira – i runga i te waea nanooptic kotahi mano noa iho o te roa o te makawe tangata. Ehara i te mea ka tukuna noa e tēnei taiaho ngā taiaho ultraviolet, engari ka taea hoki te whakarite kia tukuna ngā taiaho mai i te kikorangi ki te ultraviolet hohonu. I whakamahia e ngā kairangahau tētahi tikanga paerewa e kiia nei ko te epiphytation oriented hei hanga i te taiaho mai i ngā tioata konutea waikura parakore. I "whakatipu" tuatahitia e rātou ngā waea nano, arā, i hangaia ki runga i tētahi paparanga koura he diameter o te 20nm ki te 150nm me te roa o ngā waea konutea waikura parakore 10,000 nm. Kātahi, i te wā i whakahohehia ai e ngā kairangahau ngā tioata konutea waikura parakore i roto i ngā waea nano me tētahi atu taiaho i raro i te whare kati kōtuhi, ka tukuna e ngā tioata konutea waikura parakore he taiaho he 17nm noa iho te roa. I te mutunga ka taea te whakamahi i aua nanoraira hei tautuhi i ngā matū me te whakapai ake i te kaha rokiroki mōhiohio o ngā kōpae rorohiko me ngā rorohiko photonic.
2. Nanoraira hihi-whero
Whai muri i te taenga mai o ngā moroiti-reera, ngā moroiti-kōpae, ngā moroiti-mowhiti, me ngā moroiti-ā-rangi, ka hangaia e te tohunga matū a Yang Peidong me āna hoa mahi i te Whare Wānanga o California, Berkeley, ngā moroiti-reera i te pāmahana rūma. Ka taea e tēnei moroiti-waikura konutea te tuku i tētahi moroiti-reera he iti iho i te 0.3nm te whānui o te raina me te roangaru o te 385nm i raro i te whakaoho mārama, e kiia ana ko te moroiti-iti rawa atu o te ao, ā, ko tētahi o ngā taputapu mahi tuatahi i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te hangarau nano. I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga, i matapaetia e ngā kairangahau he ngāwari te hanga i tēnei moroiti-reera ZnO, he kanapa teitei, he iti te rahi, ā, he rite, he pai ake rānei te mahi i ngā moroiti-reera kikorangi GaN. Nā te kaha ki te hanga i ngā rarangi moroiti-teitei, ka taea e ngā moroiti-reera ZnO te whakauru ki ngā tono maha kāore e taea e ngā taputapu GaAs o ēnei rā. Hei whakatipu i aua moroiti-reera, ka hangaia te moroiti-reera ZnO mā te tikanga kawe hau e whakaoho ana i te tipu tioata epitaxial. Tuatahi, ka pania te papa sapphire ki tētahi paparanga o te kiriata koura matotoru 1 nm~3.5nm, kātahi ka whakatakotoria ki runga i tētahi poti alumina, ka whakamahanahia te rauemi me te papa ki te 880 °C ~905 °C i roto i te rere o te haukini hei whakaputa i te mamaoa Zn, kātahi ka haria te mamaoa Zn ki te papa. I hangaia ngā waea nano o te 2μm~10μm me te horahanga whakawhiti-hexagonal i roto i te tukanga tipu o te 2min~10min. I kitea e ngā kairangahau ko te waea nano ZnO e hanga ana i tētahi kōhao laser tūturu me te diameter o te 20nm ki te 150nm, ā, ko te nuinga (95%) o tōna diameter he 70nm ki te 100nm. Hei ako i te tukunga whakaoho o ngā waea nano, ka pupuhihia e ngā kairangahau te tauira ki roto i tētahi whare kati kōtuhi me te putanga harmonic tuawhā o te laser Nd:YAG (ngaru roa 266nm, whānui pāoro 3ns). I te whanaketanga o te whānuitanga tukunga, ka whakapōturitia te mārama me te pikinga o te mana papu. Ina neke atu te kaha o te wera i te paepae o te waea nano ZnO (tata ki te 40kW/cm), ka puta te pūwāhi teitei rawa atu i roto i te whānuitanga tukunga. Ko te whānui o te rārangi o ēnei pūwāhi teitei rawa atu he iti iho i te 0.3nm, he nui ake i te 1/50 te iti iho i te whānui o te rārangi mai i te tihi tukunga i raro i te paepae. Nā ēnei whānui rārangi whaiti me te pikinga tere o te kaha tukunga i ārahi i ngā kairangahau ki te whakatau he pono kei roto i ēnei waea nano te tukunga whakaohooho. Nō reira, ka taea e tēnei huinga waea nano te mahi hei kaiwhakaoho taiao, ā, ka noho hei pūtake laser moroiti pai rawa atu. E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei nanolaser roa-ngaru poto i roto i ngā mara o te rorohiko whatu, te rokiroki mōhiohio me te nanoanalyzer.
3. Ngā taiaho puna kuantum
I mua atu, ā, i muri mai i te tau 2010, ka eke te whānui o te rārangi i whakairohia ki te maramara haurua-ira ki te 100nm, iti iho rānei, ā, he torutoru noa iho ngā irahiko e neke ana i roto i te ara iahiko, ā, ka nui te pānga o te pikinga me te hekenga o te irahiko ki te mahi a te ara iahiko. Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, i whānau mai ngā taiaho puna irahiko. I roto i te miihini irahiko, ko te āpure pūmanawa e aukati ana i te nekehanga o ngā irahiko me te ine i a rātou ka kiia he puna irahiko. Ka whakamahia tēnei herenga irahiko hei hanga i ngā taumata pūngao irahiko i roto i te paparanga hohe o te taiaho haurua-irahiko, kia kaha ai te whakawhiti hiko i waenga i ngā taumata pūngao ki te ira whakahihiri o te taiaho, he taiaho puna irahiko. E rua ngā momo taiaho puna irahiko: ngā taiaho rārangi irahiko me ngā taiaho irahiko irahiko.
① Rārangi taiaho kuantum
Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao ngā taiaho waea kuantum he 1,000 ngā wā he kaha ake i ngā taiaho tuku iho, ā, kua neke atu i te kotahi mano ngā wā ki te hanga rorohiko me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere ake. Ko te taiaho, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere o te oro, te ataata, te Ipurangi me ētahi atu momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i runga i ngā whatunga muka-whatu, i whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao i Te Whare Wānanga o Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS i New Jersey me te Max Planck Institute for Physics i Dresden, Tiamana. Mā ēnei taiaho kaha ake ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā Repeaters utu nui, e tāutahia ana i ia 80km (50 maero) i te ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka puta anō he pāoro taiaho he iti ake te kaha i a rātou e haere ana i roto i te muka (Repeaters).
Wā tuku: Pipiri-15-2023