Ngā taputapu optoelectronics mō ngā ngaruiti, e ai ki te ingoa, ko te hononga o te ngaruiti me tengā taputapu hikohikoHe ngaru hikohiko ngā ngaruiti me ngā ngaru mārama, ā, he rerekē ngā auau maha, ā, he tino rerekē ngā wāhanga me ngā hangarau kua whakawhanakehia i roto i ō rātou mara. Mā te whakakotahitanga, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i a tātou anō, engari ka taea e tātou te whiwhi tono me ngā āhuatanga hou e uaua ana ki te whakatinana.
Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatuHe tauira pai tēnei o te whakakotahitanga o ngā ngaruiti me ngā irahiko whakaahua. Ko ngā whakawhitiwhitinga waea me te waea waea o mua, te whakaputa, te horapa me te whiwhi tohu, i whakamahia katoatia ngā taputapu ngaruiti. I te tīmatanga, ka whakamahia ngā ngaru hikohiko auau iti nā te mea he iti te whānuitanga o te auau, ā, he iti te kaha o te hongere mō te tuku. Ko te otinga he whakanui ake i te auau o te tohu e tukuna ana, ko te teitei ake o te auau, ko te nui ake o ngā rauemi whārite. Engari he nui te ngaronga o te horapa o te tohu auau teitei i roto i te hau, engari he ngāwari hoki te aukati i ngā arai. Mena ka whakamahia te taura, he nui te ngaronga o te taura, ā, he raruraru te tuku tawhiti. Ko te putanga mai o te whakawhitiwhitinga muka whatu he otinga pai mō ēnei raruraru.muka whatuHe iti rawa te mate tuku, ā, he kaikawe pai rawa atu mō te tuku tohu i ngā tawhiti roa. He nui ake te whānuitanga o ngā ngaru mārama i ērā o ngā ngaruiti, ā, ka taea te tuku i ngā hongere rerekē maha i te wā kotahi. Nā ēnei painga otuku whatu, kua riro te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu hei pou tokomanawa mō te tuku mōhiohio o ēnei rā.
He roa te hītori o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu, he whānui, he pakari hoki ngā rangahau me ngā whakamahinga, kāore e nui ake te kōrero. Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pepa ko te whakauru i ngā ihirangi rangahau hou o ngā hikohiko ngaruiti i ngā tau tata nei, ehara i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu. Ko te kaupapa matua o te hikohiko ngaruiti ko ngā tikanga me ngā hangarau o te ao hikohiko hei kawe hei whakapai ake me te whakatutuki i te mahi me te whakamahinga e uaua ana ki te whakatutuki me ngā wāhanga hiko ngaruiti tuku iho. Mai i te tirohanga whakamahinga, ko ngā āhuatanga e toru e whai ake nei te nuinga.
Ko te tuatahi ko te whakamahinga o ngā optoelectronics hei whakaputa i ngā tohu ngaruiti mahi-teitei, iti-haruru, mai i te roopu-X tae noa ki te roopu THz.
Tuarua, te tukatuka tohu ngaruiti. Tae atu ki te whakaroa, te tātari, te hurihanga auau, te whiwhi me ērā atu mea.
Tuatoru, te tuku i ngā tohu anaro.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakaurua noa e te kaituhi te wāhanga tuatahi, arā, te whakaputanga o te tohu ngaruiti. Ko te ngaru mirimita ngaruiti tuku iho ka whakaputahia e ngā wāhanga hiko iti iii_V. Ko ōna herenga ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: Tuatahi, ki ngā auau teitei pēnei i te 100GHz i runga ake nei, ka taea e ngā hiko iti tuku iho te whakaputa i te mana iti iho, engari ki te tohu THz auau teitei ake, kāore e taea e rātou te mahi i tetahi mea. Tuarua, hei whakaiti i te haruru wāhanga me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te auau, me whakanoho te taputapu taketake ki tētahi taiao pāmahana tino iti. Tuatoru, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te whānuitanga o te whakarerekētanga auau. Hei whakaoti i ēnei raruraru, ka taea e te hangarau optoelectronic te whai wāhi. Kei raro nei ngā tikanga matua e whakamāramahia ana.
1. Mā te auau rerekētanga o ngā tohu taiaho auau rerekē e rua, ka whakamahia he pūoko whakaahua auau-tiketike hei huri i ngā tohu ngaruiti, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1.
Pikitia 1. Te hoahoa kauwhata o ngā ngaruiti i hangaia e te rerekētanga auau o ngā mea e ruangā taiaho.
Ko ngā painga o tēnei tikanga he ngāwari te hanganga, ka taea te whakaputa i te auau tino teitei o te ngaru mirimita me te tohu auau THz, ā, mā te whakarerekē i te auau o te taiaho ka taea te kawe i te whānuitanga o te hurihanga auau tere, te auau horomitanga. Ko te ngoikoretanga ko te whānui raina, te haruru wāhanga rānei o te tohu auau rerekētanga i hangaia e ngā tohu taiaho e rua kāore e pā ana he nui, ā, kāore i te teitei te pumau o te auau, inā koa mēnā he taiaho haurua-ira he iti te rōrahi engari he nui te whānui raina (~MHz) e whakamahia ana. Mēnā kāore i te teitei ngā whakaritenga rōrahi taumaha pūnaha, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā taiaho totoka iti te haruru (~kHz),ngā taiaho muka, kōhao o wahongā taiaho haurua-ira, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā momo tohu taiaho e rua e whakaputaina ana i roto i te kōhao taiaho kotahi hei whakaputa i te auau rerekē, kia tino pai ake ai te pumau o te auau ngaruiti.
2. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru he koretake ngā taiaho e rua i te tikanga o mua, ā, he nui rawa te haruru o te tohu e puta ana, ka taea te whiwhi i te ōritetanga i waenga i ngā taiaho e rua mā te tikanga maukati auau werohanga, mā te ara iahiko maukati urupare kino rānei. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i te whakamahinga noa o te maukati werohanga hei whakaputa i ngā maha ngaruiti (Pikitia 2). Mā te werohanga tika i ngā tohu iahiko auau teitei ki roto i te taiaho haurua-ira, mā te whakamahi rānei i te whakarerekētanga LinBO3-wāhanga, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tohu whatu maha o ngā auau rerekē me te mokowā auau ōrite, i ngā heru auau whatu rānei. Ko te tikanga, ko te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whiwhi i te heru auau whatu whānui ko te whakamahi i te taiaho raka-aratau. Ka tīpakohia ngā tohu heru e rua i roto i te heru auau whatu kua puta mā te tātari ka werohanga ki roto i te taiaho 1 me te 2 kia tutuki ai te auau me te maukati wāhanga. Nā te mea he pumau te wāhanga i waenga i ngā tohu heru rerekē o te heru auau whatu, kia pumau ai te wāhanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā taiaho e rua, kātahi ka taea te whiwhi i te tohu ngaruiti auau maha-takahanga o te tere whakahoki heru auau whatu mā te tikanga o te auau rerekē e ai ki te whakaahuatanga o mua.
Pikitia 2. Kauwhata hoahoa o te tohu whakarea auau ngaruiti i hangaia e te raka auau werohanga.
Ko tētahi atu huarahi hei whakaiti i te haruru ā-wāhanga whanaunga o ngā taiaho e rua ko te whakamahi i te PLL whatu urupare kino, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3.
Pikitia 3. Kauwhata hoahoa o te OPL.
He rite te kaupapa o te PLL whatu ki te kaupapa o te PLL i roto i te ao hiko. Ka hurihia te rerekētanga ā-wāhanga o ngā taiaho e rua hei tohu hiko mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūoko whakaahua (he rite ki tētahi pūoko whakaahua), kātahi ka whiwhi i te rerekētanga ā-wāhanga i waenga i ngā taiaho e rua mā te hanga i tētahi auau rerekētanga me tētahi pūtake tohu ngaruiti tohutoro, ka whakanuia, ka tātarihia, kātahi ka whāngaihia ki te waeine whakahaere auau o tētahi o ngā taiaho (mō ngā taiaho haurua-ira, ko te ia werohanga). Mā roto i tētahi porowhita whakahaere urupare kino pēnei, ka maukati te ā-wāhanga auau whanaunga i waenga i ngā tohu taiaho e rua ki te tohu ngaruiti tohutoro. Kātahi ka taea te tuku i te tohu whatu whakakotahi mā roto i ngā muka whatu ki tētahi pūoko whakaahua i tētahi atu wāhi, ka hurihia hei tohu ngaruiti. Ko te haruru ā-wāhanga hua o te tohu ngaruiti he tata rite ki te tohu tohutoro i roto i te whānuitanga o te porowhita urupare kino kua maukati-ā-wāhanga. Ko te haruru ā-wāhanga i waho o te whānuitanga he rite ki te haruru ā-wāhanga whanaunga o ngā taiaho taketake e rua kāore e pā ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki te huri i te pūtake tohu ngaruiti tohutoro e ētahi atu pūtake tohu mā te whakarea auau, te auau wehewehe, te tukatuka auau rānei, kia taea ai te whakarea i te tohu ngaruiti auau iti, te huri rānei ki ngā tohu RF auau-tiketike, THz.
Ki te whakaritea ki te raka auau werohanga, ka taea anake te whakarea i te auau, he ngāwari ake ngā koropiko raka-wāhanga, ka taea te whakaputa auau tata koretake, ā, he uaua ake. Hei tauira, ko te heru auau whatu i hangaia e te kaiwhakatikatika whakaahua-hiko i te Pikitia 2 ka whakamahia hei pūtake mārama, ā, ko te koropiko raka-wāhanga whatu ka whakamahia hei raka tīpako i te auau o ngā taiaho e rua ki ngā tohu heru whatu e rua, kātahi ka whakaputa i ngā tohu auau-tiketike mā te auau rerekētanga, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4. Ko te f1 me te f2 ngā auau tohutoro o ngā PLLS e rua, ā, ka taea te whakaputa i te tohu ngaruiti o N*frep+f1+f2 mā te auau rerekētanga i waenga i ngā taiaho e rua.
Pikitia 4. Kauwhata hoahoa o te whakaputa auautanga matapōkere mā te whakamahi i ngā heru auau whatu me te PLLS.
3. Whakamahia te taiaho pao raka-aratau hei huri i te tohu pao whatu hei tohu ngaruiti mā tepūoko whakaahua.
Ko te painga matua o tēnei tikanga ko te whiwhi i tētahi tohu he tino pai te pumau o te auau me te iti o te haruru ā-wāhanga. Mā te raka i te auau o te taiaho ki tētahi whānuitanga whakawhiti ngota me te ngota tino pumau, ki tētahi kōhao whatu tino pumau rānei, me te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakakore auau takirua-ake, te nekehanga auau me ētahi atu hangarau, ka taea e tātou te whiwhi i tētahi tohu pāoro whatu tino pumau me te auau tāruarua tino pumau, kia whiwhi ai i tētahi tohu ngaruiti me te haruru ā-wāhanga tino iti. Pikitia 5.
Pikitia 5. Te whakataurite i te haruru ā-wāhanga whanaunga o ngā pūtake tohu rerekē.
Heoi, nā te mea he rerekē te tere o te auau o te pāorooro ki te roa o te kōhao o te taiaho, ā, he nui te taiaho maukati-aratau tuku iho, he uaua ki te whiwhi tika i ngā tohu ngaruiti auau teitei. Hei tāpiri, ko te rahi, te taumaha me te kaha e pau ana i ngā taiaho pāorooro tuku iho, me ngā whakaritenga taiao uaua, e whakawhāiti ana i ā rātou tono taiwhanga matua. Hei whakakore i ēnei uauatanga, kua tīmata tata nei te rangahau i te United States me Tiamana mā te whakamahi i ngā pānga kore-raina hei whakaputa i ngā heru whatu pumau-auau i roto i ngā kōhao whatu iti rawa, kounga teitei, e whakaputa ana i ngā tohu ngaruiti haruru-iti auau teitei.
4. pūorooro hiko opto, Pikitia 6.
Pikitia 6. Kauwhata hoahoa o te oscillator hono whakaahua-hiko.
Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga tuku iho mō te whakaputa i ngā ngaruiti, i ngā taiaho rānei, ko te whakamahi i tētahi porowhita kati urupare-ā-unoa, mena he nui ake te pikinga i roto i te porowhita kati i te ngaronga, ka taea e te oscillation whakaoho-ā-unoa te whakaputa i ngā ngaruiti, i ngā taiaho rānei. Ko te teitei ake o te tauwehenga kounga Q o te porowhita kati, ko te iti ake o te haruru tohu ā-wāhanga, ā-auau rānei kua whakaputaina. Hei whakanui ake i te tauwehenga kounga o te porowhita, ko te huarahi tika ko te whakanui ake i te roa o te porowhita me te whakaiti i te ngaronga horapa. Heoi, ko te porowhita roa ake ka taea te tautoko i te whakaputanga o ngā momo oscillation maha, ā, ki te tāpirihia he tātari whānui-whaiti, ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi tohu oscillation ngaruiti iti-haruru auau-kotahi. Ko te oscillator hono whakaahua-hiko he pūtake tohu ngaruiti e hangai ana ki tēnei whakaaro, ka whakamahia katoatia ngā āhuatanga ngaronga horapa iti o te muka, mā te whakamahi i tētahi muka roa ake hei whakapai ake i te uara porowhita Q, ka taea te whakaputa i tētahi tohu ngaruiti me te haruru ā-wāhanga tino iti. Mai i te whakaarotanga o te tikanga i te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua whiwhi rangahau whānui tēnei momo oscillator me te whanaketanga nui, ā, kei te wātea ngā oscillator hono whakaahua-hiko arumoni i tēnei wā. Nō nā tata nei, kua whakawhanakehia ngā oscillator photoelectric ka taea te whakarite i ngā auau ki te whānuitanga. Ko te raru matua o ngā pūtake tohu ngaruiti i runga i tēnei hoahoa ko te roa o te koropiko, ā, ka tino piki ake te haruru i roto i tōna rere noa (FSR) me tōna auau takirua. Hei tāpiri, he nui ake ngā wāhanga photoelectric e whakamahia ana, he nui te utu, he uaua ki te whakaiti i te rōrahi, ā, ko te muka roa ake ka tairongo ake ki te raruraru taiao.
Kei runga ake nei ētahi tikanga whakaputa irahiko whakaahua o ngā tohu ngaruiti, me ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga. Hei whakamutunga, ko tētahi atu painga o te whakamahinga o ngā irahiko whakaahua hei whakaputa i te ngaruiti, ko te taea o te tohatoha i te tohu whatu mā roto i te muka whatu me te iti o te ngaronga, te tuku tawhiti ki ia pito whakamahinga, kātahi ka hurihia hei tohu ngaruiti, ā, he pai ake te kaha ki te ātete i te pokanoa hikohiko i ngā wāhanga hiko tuku iho.
Hei tohutoro noa iho te tuhinga nei, ā, i te whakakotahitanga o te wheako rangahau a te kaituhi me ōna wheako i tēnei mara, he hapa, he koretake hoki ētahi, kia mārama mai.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-03-2024