Kupu Whakataki, momo tatau photonpūoko whakaahua horonga rārangi
Ka taea e te hangarau tatau photon te whakanui katoa i te tohu photon hei whakakore i te haruru pānui o ngā taputapu hiko, me te tuhi i te maha o ngā photon e puta mai ana i te taputapu kite i roto i tētahi wā mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te tohu hiko putanga taputapu kite i raro i te hihi mārama ngoikore, me te tatau i ngā mōhiohio o te ūnga i inehia kia rite ki te uara o te mita photon. Hei whakatutuki i te kitenga mārama tino ngoikore, he maha ngā momo taputapu rerekē me te kaha kite photon kua akohia i roto i ngā whenua rerekē. He photodiode avalanche āhua totoka (Pūoko whakaahua APD) he taputapu e whakamahi ana i te pānga hiko ā-roto hei kite i ngā tohu mārama. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taputapu korehau, he mārama ngā painga o ngā taputapu totoka-āhua ki te tere urupare, te tatau pōuri, te whakapau hiko, te aro ki te rōrahi me te aukume, me ētahi atu. Kua whakahaerehia e ngā kaipūtaiao he rangahau i runga i te hangarau whakaahua tatau photon APD totoka-āhua.
Pūrere kimi whakaahua APDE rua ngā momo mahi o te aratau Geiger (GM) me te aratau raina (LM), ko te hangarau whakaahua tatau photon APD o nāianei e whakamahi ana i te taputapu APD aratau Geiger. He tino aro te taputapu APD aratau Geiger i te taumata o te photon kotahi me te tere urupare teitei o te tekau nanohekona hei whiwhi i te tika o te wā. Heoi, he raruraru kei te aratau Geiger APD pēnei i te wā mate o te pūoko, te iti o te pai o te kitenga, te kupu whakawhiti whatu nui me te iti o te taumira ā-wāhi, nō reira he uaua ki te arotau i te taupatupatu i waenga i te tere kitenga teitei me te tere whakaoho teka iti. Ko ngā kaute photon e hangai ana ki ngā taputapu APD HgCdTe teitei-whakanui tata-kore haruru ka mahi i roto i te aratau raina, kāore he here wā mate me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kāore he pao-muri e pā ana ki te aratau Geiger, kāore e hiahiatia he ara iahiko tinei, he whānuitanga hihiri tino teitei, he whānuitanga urupare whānuitanga whānui me te taea te whakarerekē, ā, ka taea te arotau motuhake mō te pai o te kitenga me te tere tatau teka. Ka huaki ake he mara tono hou mō te whakaahua tatau photon infrared, he huarahi whanaketanga nui mō ngā taputapu tatau photon, ā, he whānui ngā tono i roto i te mātakitaki whetū, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ātea kore, te whakaahua hohe me te kore hohe, te aroturuki taha me ētahi atu.
Te kaupapa o te tatau photon i roto i ngā taputapu APD HgCdTe
Ka taea e ngā taputapu kimi whakaahua APD i runga i ngā rauemi HgCdTe te hipoki i te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru, ā, he tino rerekē ngā tauwehenga ionization o ngā irahiko me ngā kōhao (tirohia te Pikitia 1 (a)). E whakaatu ana rātou i tētahi tikanga whakarea kaikawe kotahi i roto i te roangaru tapahi o te 1.3~11 µm. Kāore he haruru nui rawa (ki te whakataurite ki te tauwehenga haruru nui FSi~2-3 o ngā taputapu Si APD me te FIII-V~4-5 o ngā taputapu whānau III-V (tirohia te Pikitia 1 (b)), kia kore ai e heke te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru o ngā taputapu me te pikinga o te whiwhinga, he infrared tino pai.pūoko whakaahua horonga.
PIK. 1 (a) Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ōwehenga tauwehenga pānga ionization o te rauemi mercury cadmium telluride me te wāhanga x o Cd; (b) Te whakataurite i te tauwehenga haruru taikaha F o ngā taputapu APD me ngā pūnaha rauemi rerekē
Ko te hangarau tatau photon he hangarau hou e taea ai te tango mamati i ngā tohu whatu mai i te haruru wera mā te whakatau i ngā pāorooro photoelectron i hangaia e tepūoko whakaahuai muri i te whiwhinga i tētahi photon kotahi. Nā te mea he marara ake te tohu mārama iti i roto i te rohe wā, he tūturu, he motuhake hoki te putanga tohu hiko e te pūoko. E ai ki tēnei āhuatanga o te mārama ngoikore, ko te whakanui i te pāorooro, te wehewehe pāorooro me ngā tikanga tatau matihiko te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei kite i te mārama tino ngoikore. He maha ngā painga o te hangarau tatau photon hou, pērā i te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru teitei, te wehewehe teitei, te tika ine teitei, te ārai-rere pai, te pumau wā pai, ā, ka taea te whakaputa raraunga ki te rorohiko i roto i te ahua o te tohu matihiko mō te tātari me te tukatuka i muri mai, he mea kāore e taea te whakataurite ki ētahi atu tikanga kite. I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te pūnaha tatau photon i roto i te mara o te ine ahumahi me te kite i te mārama iti, pērā i te whatu kore-raina, te koiora ngota, te inenga taumira tino teitei, te whakaahua whetū, te ine parahanga hau, me ētahi atu, e pā ana ki te hopu me te kite i ngā tohu mārama ngoikore. Kāore rawa he haruru nui o te pūoko whakaahua o te mercury cadmium telluride avalanche, i te mea ka piki ake te whakanui, kāore te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru e pirau, ā, kāore he wā mate me te here i muri i te pātītī e pā ana ki ngā taputapu Geiger avalanche, he mea tino pai mō te tono i roto i te tatau photon, ā, he huarahi whanaketanga nui o ngā taputapu tatau photon a meake nei.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-14-2025