Wāhanga o te KOTAHI
1, mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga ā-tinana ka kitea te maha o ngā tawhā ine e pā ana ki tētahi whānuitanga, kia mōhio ai mēnā he tika ngā tawhā ine, mēnā rānei kei te wātea te maha o ngā tawhā. Ko te tukanga o te whakatairite i te rahinga kāore i te mōhiotia i inehia ki te rahinga paerewa o taua āhua anō, te whakatau i te tauwehenga o te rahinga paerewa i inehia e te rōpū i inehia, me te whakaatu i tēnei tauwehenga mā te tau.
I roto i te ao o te aunoatanga me te kimi, ehara i te mea ko te tirotiro me te ine i ngā hua kua oti, ngā hua haurua-oti rānei te mahi kimi, engari kia tirohia, kia tirotirohia, kia whakahaeretia hoki tētahi tukanga whakaputa, tētahi mea neke rānei kia pai ai te āhua e whiriwhiria ana e te tangata. Me kimi me te ine i te rahi me te huringa o ngā tawhā i ngā wā katoa. Ko tēnei hangarau kimi me te ine i ngā tukanga whakaputa me ngā mea neke i te wā tūturu ka kiia hoki ko te hangarau tirotiro hangarau.
E rua ngā momo ine: te ine tika me te ine ā-kore
Ko te ine tika ko te ine i te uara inehia o te pānui mita me te kore he tatau, pēnei i: te whakamahi i te inemahana hei ine i te pāmahana, te whakamahi i te mita maha hei ine i te ngaohiko
Ko te ine ā-korekore he ine i ētahi rahinga ā-tinana e pā ana ki te inenga, me te tatau i te uara i inea mā te hononga mahi. Hei tauira, ko te mana P e pā ana ki te ngaohiko V me te iahiko I, arā, P=VI, ā, ka tatauhia te mana mā te ine i te ngaohiko me te iahiko.
He māmā noa iho, he watea hoki te ine tika, ā, he maha tonu te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mahi. Heoi, i ngā wā kāore e taea te ine tika, he uaua rānei te ine tika, he nui rānei te hapa ine tika, ka taea te whakamahi i te ine ā-kore.
Te ariā o te pūoko whakaahua-hiko me te pūoko
Ko te mahi a te pūoko he huri i te rahinga kore-hiko ki te putanga rahinga hiko, he hononga ōrite tonu, koinei te hononga i waenga i te pūnaha rahinga kore-hiko me te pūnaha rahinga hiko. I roto i te tukanga kimi me te whakahaere, he taputapu hurihanga nui te pūoko. Mai i te tirohanga pūngao, ka taea te wehewehe i te pūoko ki ngā momo e rua: ko tētahi ko te pūoko whakahaere pūngao, e mōhiotia ana ko te pūoko hohe; ko tētahi ko te pūoko hurihanga pūngao, e mōhiotia ana ko te pūoko kore mahi. Ko te pūoko whakahaere pūngao e pā ana ki te ine i te pūoko ki te hurihanga o ngā tawhā hiko (pēnei i te ātete, te kaha), me tāpiri e te pūoko he pūtake hiko whakahihiri, ka taea te ine i ngā huringa tawhā ki te ngaohiko, ngā huringa iahiko. Ka taea e te pūoko hurihanga pūngao te huri tika i te huringa i inehia ki te huringa o te ngaohiko me te iahiko, me te kore he pūtake whakaohooho o waho.
I ngā wā maha, ko te rahinga kore-hiko hei ine, ehara i te momo rahinga kore-hiko ka taea e te pūoko te huri, me tāpiri he taputapu, he taputapu rānei ki mua i te pūoko ka taea te huri i te rahinga kore-hiko i inehia ki te rahinga kore-hiko ka taea e te pūoko te whiwhi me te huri. Ko te wāhanga, te taputapu rānei e taea ai te huri i te kore-hiko i inehia ki te hiko e wātea ana, he pūoko. Hei tauira, i te ine i te ngaohiko me te ine taumahatanga ātete, me tāpiri te ine taumahatanga ki te wāhanga rapa o te pēhanga hoko, ka huri te wāhanga rapa i te pēhanga hei kaha taumahatanga, ā, ka huri te ine taumahatanga i te kaha taumahatanga ki te huringa o te ātete. I konei, ko te ine taumahatanga te pūoko, ā, ko te wāhanga rapa te pūoko. Ka taea e te pūoko me te pūoko te huri i te kore-hiko i inehia i ngā wā katoa, engari ka huri te pūoko i te kore-hiko i inehia ki te kore-hiko e wātea ana, ā, ka huri te pūoko i te kore-hiko i inehia ki te hiko.
2, pūoko whakaahua-hikoE hangai ana ki te pānga hiko-whakaahua, ka hurihia te tohu mārama ki roto i te pūoko tohu hiko, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mana aunoa, te rererangi me te reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata me ētahi atu mara.
Ko ngā pūoko whakaahua-hiko ko ngā photodiode, ngā phototransistors, ngā photoresistor Cds, ngā photocouplers, ngā photoelectrics tuku iho, ngā photocells me ngā image sensors. Kei te pikitia i raro nei te ripanga o ngā momo matua. I roto i te mahi, me whiriwhiri te pūoko tika kia tutuki ai te hua e hiahiatia ana. Ko te mātāpono whānui o te whiriwhiri ko:te kimi hiko tere-teiteiI roto i te ara iahiko, me whiriwhiri te whānui o te mita whakamārama, te pūoko taiaho tere-rahi-rahi; me whiriwhiri te pūoko whakaahua-hiko ngāwari o te mano Hertz me te pana whakaahua-hiko tere-iti i roto i te ara iahiko ngāwari i te phototransistor; Ahakoa he puhoi te tere urupare, ko te pūoko piriti ātete me te pūoko whakaahua-hiko me te āhuatanga ātete, ko te pūoko whakaahua-hiko i roto i te ara iahiko rama tiriti aunoa, me te ātete rerekē e huri ana i te kaha o te mārama me whiriwhiri ngā huānga whakaahua-hiko Cds me Pbs; me whakauru ngā encoders hurihuri, ngā pūoko tere me ngā pūoko taiaho tere-rahi-rahi.
Momo pūoko hikohiko Tauira o te pūoko hikohiko
Hononga PNPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
PIN Photodiode (rauemi Si)
Te pūoro whakaahua horonga(Si, Ge)
Pūwhakaahua (ngūpu WhakaahuaDarlington) (rauemi Si)
Pūoko hikohiko whakauru me te thyristor hikohiko (rauemi Si)
Pūtau whakaahua hononga kore-pn (he rauemi e whakamahi ana i te CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Ngā wāhanga hiko wera (ngā rauemi i whakamahia (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Momo ngongo irahiko ngongo whakaahua, ngongo kāmera, ngongo whakarea whakaahua
Ētahi atu pūoko tairongo tae (ngā rauemi Si, α-Si)
Pūoko whakaahua totoka (rauemi Si, momo CCD, momo MOS, momo CPD
Huānga kimi tūnga (PSD) (rauemi Si)
Pūtau Whakaahua (Photodiode) (Si mō ngā rauemi)
Te wā tuku: Hurae-18-2023