Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū te wāhanga matua o te hangarau mōhiohio matū. He painga tōna, arā, he tino huna, he nui te kaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he tere te tuku, me ērā atu mea. Ka taea e ia te whakaoti i ngā mahi motuhake kāore e taea e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhito te whakatutuki. Ka taea e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū te whakamahi i te pūnaha kī tūmataiti, e kore e taea te wetewete hei whakatutuki i te tikanga tūturu o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumaru, nō reira kua noho te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū hei mua i te pūtaiao me te hangarau o te ao. Ka whakamahia e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū te āhua matū hei huānga mōhiohio hei whakatutuki i te tuku kōrero whai hua. Ko tētahi atu huringa tēnei i roto i te hītori o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i muri i te waea me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu.
Ngā wāhanga matua o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū:
Te tohatoha o te kī ngaro kuantum：
Kāore te tohatoha kī ngaro kuantum e whakamahia ana hei tuku ihirangi muna. Heoi anō, hei whakatū me te whakawhitiwhiti i te pukapuka whakamuna, arā, hei tuku i te kī tūmataiti ki ngā taha e rua o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whaiaro, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakamuna kuantum.
I te tau 1984, i whakaarohia e Bennett o te Hononga o Amerika me Brassart o Kanata te kawa BB84, e whakamahi ana i ngā moka irahiko hei kawe mōhiohio hei whakawaehere i ngā āhua irahiko mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga porowhita o te mārama hei whakatutuki i te whakaputa me te tohatoha haumaru o ngā kī ngaro. I te tau 1992, i whakaarohia e Bennett he kawa B92 e hangai ana ki ngā āhua irahiko kore-taurite e rua me te rere ngāwari me te haurua o te whai huatanga. Ko ēnei kaupapa e rua e hangai ana ki tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā huinga āhua irahiko kotahi taurite me te kore-taurite. Hei whakamutunga, i te tau 1991, i whakaarohia e Ekert o te UK te E91 e hangai ana ki te āhua herenga mōrahi e rua-matūriki, arā, ko te takirua EPR.
I te tau 1998, i whakaarohia tētahi atu kaupapa whakawhitiwhiti irahiko e ono-āhua mō te kōwhiringa pōraritanga i runga i ngā turanga honohono e toru e titoa ana e ngā āhua pōraritanga e whā me te hurihanga maui me te tika i roto i te kawa BB84. Kua whakamātauhia te kawa BB84 hei tikanga tohatoha arohaehae haumaru, kāore anō kia takahia e tetahi tae noa mai ki tēnei wā. Mā te mātāpono o te koretake o te irahiko me te kore-tārua irahiko ka whakarite i tōna haumarutanga tino. Nō reira, he uara ariā nui tō te kawa EPR. Ka hono i te āhua irahiko e piri ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti irahiko haumaru, ā, ka whakatuwhera i tētahi ara hou mō te whakawhitiwhiti irahiko haumaru.
te whakawhiti irahiko
Ko te ariā o te whakawhiti irahiko i whakatakotoria e Bennett me ētahi atu kaipūtaiao i roto i ngā whenua e ono i te tau 1993, he aratau tuku irahiko parakore e whakamahi ana i te hongere o te āhua pūmau mōrahi o ngā matūriki e rua hei tuku i te āhua irahiko kāore i te mōhiotia, ā, ka eke te reiti angitu o te whakawhiti irahiko ki te 100% [2].
I te tau 199, i oti i te rōpū Zeilinger o Austria te whakamana tuatahi i te kaupapa o te whakawhiti irahiko i roto i te taiwhanga. I roto i te maha o ngā kiriata, ka puta pinepine tēnei momo kōrero: ka ngaro whakarere atu tētahi āhua ngaro i tētahi wāhi, ka puta whakarere mai kei tōna wāhi. Heoi, nā te mea ka takahi te whakawhiti irahiko i te kaupapa o te kore-tārua irahiko me te koretake o Heisenberg i roto i te miihini irahiko, he momo pūtaiao pakiwaitara noa iho i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhito.
Heoi, ka whakaurua te ariā motuhake o te raranga matū ki roto i te whakawhitiwhiti matū, e wehewehe ana i ngā mōhiohio āhua matū kāore i te mōhiotia o te taketake kia rua ngā wāhanga: ngā mōhiohio matū me ngā mōhiohio tawhito, e puta ai tēnei merekara whakamiharo. Ko ngā mōhiohio matū ko ngā mōhiohio kāore i tangohia mai i te tukanga ine, ā, ko ngā mōhiohio tawhito ko te ine taketake.
Te ahunga whakamua i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū
Mai i te tau 1994, kua uru mārire te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matū ki te wāhanga whakamātautau, ā, kua anga whakamua ki te whāinga mahi, he uara whanaketanga pai rawa atu, he painga ōhanga hoki. I te tau 1997, i whakamātau a Pan Jianwei, he kaipūtaiao Hainamana taitamariki, me Bow Meister, he kaipūtaiao Hōrana, i te tuku mamao o ngā āhua matū kāore i te mōhiotia, ā, i kitea e rātou.
I te marama o Āperira 2004, i tutuki i a Sorensen me ētahi atu te tuku raraunga 1.45km i waenga i ngā peeke mō te wā tuatahi mā te whakamahi i te tohatoha hononga irahiko, e tohu ana i te whakawhitiwhiti irahiko mai i te taiwhanga ki te wāhanga tono. I tēnei wā, kua aro nui ngā kāwanatanga, ngā umanga, me ngā ao mātauranga ki te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti irahiko. Kei te kaha hoki ētahi kamupene rongonui o te ao ki te whakawhanake i te hokohoko o ngā mōhiohio irahiko, pērā i te Kamupene Waea me te Waea Peretānia, Bell, IBM, ngā taiwhanga at & T i te United States, te kamupene Toshiba i Hapani, te kamupene Siemens i Tiamana, me ētahi atu. I tua atu, i te tau 2008, i whakatūria e te "kaupapa whakawhanake whatunga whakawhitiwhiti haumaru ā-ao a te Kotahitanga o Europi e hangai ana ki te whakamuna irahiko" he whatunga Whakaaturanga me te manatoko whakawhitiwhiti haumaru 7-pūnga.
I te tau 2010, i kōrerotia e te maheni Time o te Hononga o Amerika te angitu o te whakamātautau whakawhiti irahiko 16 km a Haina i roto i te pou o "ngā purongo pahū" me te taitara "te peke o te Pūtaiao Irahiko o Haina," e tohu ana ka taea e Haina te whakatū i tētahi whatunga whakawhitiwhiti irahiko i waenga i te whenua me te amiorangi [3]. I te tau 2010, i whakatūria e te National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute of Japan me Mitsubishi Electric and NEC, ID quantified o Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, me Vienna katoa o Austria te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti irahiko tāone nui e ono ngā pona "Tokyo QKD network" i Tokyo. Ka arotahi te whatunga ki ngā hua rangahau hou o ngā umanga rangahau me ngā kamupene me te taumata whanaketanga teitei rawa atu i roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti irahiko i Hapani me Ūropi.
Kei roto i te "Silicon Valley" o Haina a Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. – Beijing Zhongguancun, he umanga hangarau teitei e whakatapua ana ki te mahi ki ngā whare rangahau o roto me tāwāhi, ngā whare rangahau, ngā whare wānanga me ngā kaimahi rangahau pūtaiao hinonga. Ko te nuinga o tā mātou kamupene he rangahau me te whakawhanake motuhake, te hoahoa, te hanga, te hoko hua optoelectronic, ā, e whakarato ana i ngā otinga auaha me ngā ratonga ngaio, whaiaro mō ngā kairangahau pūtaiao me ngā miihini ahumahi. Whai muri i ngā tau o te auahatanga motuhake, kua hangaia he raupapa hua photoelectric whai rawa me te tino pai, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā umanga ā-rohe, hōia, kawe waka, hiko, pūtea, mātauranga, hauora me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Kei te tumanako mātou ki te mahi tahi me koe!
Wā tuku: Mei-05-2023