Huānga hohe o te hāora hiko

Huānga hohe o te hāora hiko

Ko ngā wāhanga hohe o te photonics e pā ana ki ngā taunekeneke hihiri i hangaia i waenganui i te mārama me te matū. Ko tētahi wāhanga hohe noa o te photonics he modulator whatu. Ko ngā mea katoa e hangai ana ki te silicon i tēnei wāngā kaiwhakatikatika whatue hangai ana ki te pānga kawe kore utu o te plasma. Mā te whakarerekē i te maha o ngā irahiko kore utu me ngā kōhao i roto i te rauemi silicon mā te whakamahi i te doping, te hiko, te whatu rānei, ka taea te whakarerekē i tōna taupū whakaata matatini, he tukanga e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā whārite (1,2) i whiwhi mā te whakauru raraunga mai i a Soref rāua ko Bennett i te roanga ngaru o te 1550 nanometer. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā irahiko, ka nui ake te ōwehenga o ngā huringa taupū whakaata tūturu me te whakaaro o ngā kōhao, arā, ka taea e rātou te whakaputa i tētahi huringa āhua nui ake mō tētahi huringa ngaronga kua hoatu, nō reira i roto iNgā whakarerekētanga Mach-Zehnderme ngā kaiwhakarerekē mowhiti, he pai ake te whakamahi i ngā kōhao hei hangangā kaiwhakarerekētanga wāhanga.

Ngā momokaiwhakarerekētanga silicon (Si)Kei te Pikitia 10A ngā momo e whakaaturia ana. I roto i te pūwhakatikatika werohanga kawe, kei roto te mārama i te silicon ā-roto i roto i te hononga titi whānui rawa atu, ā, ka werohia ngā irahiko me ngā kōhao. Heoi, he puhoi ake aua pūwhakatikatika, ko te whānui o te whānui he 500 MHz, nā te mea ka roa ake te whakakotahitanga o ngā irahiko me ngā kōhao kore utu i muri i te werohanga. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei hanganga hei whakaiti whatu taurangi (VOA) kaua hei pūwhakatikatika. I roto i te pūwhakatikatika whakahekenga kawe, kei roto te wāhanga mārama i te hononga pn whaiti, ā, ka whakarerekētia te whānui whakahekenga o te hononga pn e te mara hiko kua whakamahia. Ka taea e tēnei pūwhakatikatika te mahi i ngā tere neke atu i te 50Gb/s, engari he nui te ngaronga whakaurunga papamuri. Ko te vpil noa ko te 2 V-cm. Kei roto i te pūwhakatikatika hauota whakarewa (MOS) (ko te tikanga he hauota-hauota-hauota-hauota) he paparanga hauota angiangi i roto i te hononga pn. Ka taea te kohikohi i ētahi kaikawe me te whakaiti i ngā kaikawe, ka taea ai te VπL iti ake o te 0.2 V-cm, engari he ngoikoretanga o te nui ake o ngā mate whatu me te nui ake o te kaha mō ia wae roa. Hei tāpiri, kei reira ngā kaiwhakatikatika mimiti hiko SiGe i runga i te nekehanga taha roopu SiGe (silicon Germanium alloy). Hei tāpiri, kei reira ngā kaiwhakatikatika graphene e whakawhirinaki ana ki te graphene hei whakawhiti i waenga i ngā konganuku mimiti me ngā ārai mārama. E whakaatu ana ēnei i te kanorau o ngā tono o ngā tikanga rerekē hei whakatutuki i te whakatikatika tohu whatu tere-teitei, iti-matenga.

Pikitia 10: (A) Te hoahoa whakawhiti-wāhanga o ngā hoahoa whakarerekētanga whatu e hangai ana ki te silicon me te (B) te hoahoa whakawhiti-wāhanga o ngā hoahoa pūoko whatu.

Kei te Pikitia 10B ētahi taputapu kite mārama e ahu mai ana i te silicon. Ko te rauemi mimiti ko te germanium (Ge). Ka taea e te Ge te mimiti i te mārama i ngā roangaru tae atu ki te 1.6 microns. Kei te taha maui te hanganga pine tino angitu i te hokohoko i ēnei rā. He mea tito mai i te silicon kua pania ki te momo-P e tipu ai te Ge. He 4% te rerekētanga o te whatunga o te Ge me te Si, ā, hei whakaiti i te nekehanga, ka tipu tuatahitia he paparanga angiangi o te SiGe hei paparanga ārai. Ka mahia te paninga momo-N ki runga i te paparanga Ge. Kei waenganui he photodiode whakarewa-haurua-whakahaere-whakarewa (MSM), ā, he APD (te pūoko whakaahua horonga) e whakaaturia ana i te taha matau. Kei roto i te Si te rohe horonga i roto i te APD, he iti ake ngā āhuatanga haruru ki te whakaritea ki te rohe horonga i roto i ngā rauemi huānga Rōpū III-V.

I tēnei wā, kāore he otinga e kitea ana he painga ki te whakauru i te whakanui whatu ki te photonics silicon. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 11 i ētahi kōwhiringa ka taea te whakarite mā te taumata huihuinga. Kei te taha maui rawa ko ngā whakaurunga monolithic e uru ana ki te whakamahinga o te germanium (Ge) kua whakatipuria epitaxially hei rauemi whakanui whatu, ngā arataki karāhe (Er) kua tāpirihia ki te erbium (pēnei i te Al2O3, e hiahia ana ki te papu whatu), me ngā ira quantum gallium arsenide (GaAs) kua whakatipuria epitaxially. Ko te pou e whai ake nei ko te huihuinga wafer ki te wafer, e uru ana te hononga waikura me te rauropi i te rohe whakanui rōpū III-V. Ko te pou e whai ake nei ko te huihuinga maramara-ki-wafer, e uru ana ki te whakauru i te maramara rōpū III-V ki roto i te kōhao o te wafer silicon, kātahi ka miihini i te hanganga arataki. Ko te painga o tēnei huarahi pou e toru tuatahi ko te taea te whakamātautau katoa i te taputapu i roto i te wafer i mua i te tapahi. Ko te pou matau rawa ko te huihuinga maramara-ki-maramara, tae atu ki te hononga tika o ngā maramara silicon ki ngā maramara rōpū III-V, me te hononga mā te arotahi me ngā hononga kupenga. Kei te neke te ia o ngā tono arumoni mai i te taha matau ki te taha maui o te tūtohi ki ngā otinga whakauru atu, whai kiko ake.

Pikitia 11: Te whakaurunga o te whakanui whatu ki roto i ngā hangarau whakaahua e hangai ana ki te silicon. I a koe e neke ana mai i te maui ki te matau, ka hoki mārire te pūwāhi whakaurunga hangahanga i roto i te tukanga.