Te Whakatupuranga o ngā Taiaho

Te Whakatupuranga o ngā Taiaho
I whakaarohia te whakaputanga o ngā taiaho e Einstein i te tau 1916 me tana ariā mō te "tukunga ohorere me te whakaohooho". Ko tēnei ariā te pūtake ā-tinana o ngā pūnaha taiaho hou. Ko te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā photon me ngā ngota ka arahi pea ki ngā tukanga whakawhiti e toru: te mimiti whakaohooho, te tukunga ohorere, me te tukunga whakaohooho. I te mea ka taea te pupuri me te pumau o te tukunga whakaohooho, ka taea te tiki taiaho. Nō reira, me hanga ngā taputapu motuhake – ngā taiaho. Ko te hanganga o te taiaho he mea tito i ngā wāhanga matua e toru: te matū mahi, te taputapu whakaohooho, me te resonator whatu.

1. Matū mahi

Ko te matū i roto i te rēseri ka taea te whakaputa i te mārama rēseri ka kiia ko te matū mahi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko te tohatoha o ngā tau ngota i roto i te matū i ia taumata pūngao he tohatoha noa. Ko te maha o ngā ngota i te taumata pūngao o raro he nui ake i te taumata pūngao teitei ake. Nō reira, ina haere te mārama i roto i te āhua noa o te matū kanapa, ka kaha te tukanga mimiti, ā, ka ngoikore tonu te mārama. Kia kaha ake ai te mārama i muri i te haere i roto i te matū kanapa me te whakatutuki i te whakanui ake i te mārama, me hanga te tukunga whakaoho kia kaha ake. Kia nui ake ai te maha o ngā ngota i te taumata pūngao teitei ake i te taumata pūngao o raro, he rerekē tēnei tohatoha ki te tohatoha noa, ā, ka kiia ko te hurihanga tau matūriki.
2. Pūrere Whakaohooho
Ko te mahi a te taputapu whakaoho he whakaoho i ngā ngota i te taumata pūngao iti iho ki te taumata pūngao teitei ake, kia taea ai e te matū mahi te whakatutuki i te hurihanga tau matūriki. Kei roto i ngā taumata pūngao o te matū te āhua whenua me te āhua whakaoho, me te āhua pumau. He iti ake te pumau o te āhua pumau i te āhua whenua, engari he nui ake te pumau i te āhua whakaoho. I te taha whakataurite, ka taea e ngā ngota te noho i te āhua pumau mō te wā roa. Hei tauira, ko ngā iona chromium (Cr3+) i roto i te rupi he āhua pumau me te roanga o te ora o te 10-3 hēkona. I muri i te whakaoho o te matū mahi me te whakatutuki i te hurihanga tau matūriki, i te tīmatanga, nā te rerekētanga o ngā ahunga horapa o ngā photon e tukuna ana e te irahiko tūpono, he rerekē anō hoki ngā ahunga horapa o ngā photon irahiko whakaoho, ā, he maha ngā ngaronga o te putanga me te mimiti; kāore e taea te whakaputa i te putanga laser pumau. Kia taea ai te noho tonu o te irahiko whakaoho i roto i te iti o te rōrahi o te matū mahi, me whakamahi he resonator whatu hei whakatutuki i te kōwhiringa me te whakanui i te mārama.
3. Pūwhakaoho Whatu
He takirua whakaata whakaata whakarara e tāutahia ana ki ngā pito e rua o te matū mahi, e poutū ana ki te tuaka matua. Ko tētahi pito he whakaata whakaata katoa (me te tere whakaata o te 100%), ā, ko tētahi atu pito he whakaata mārama-wāhanga, he whakaata-wāhanga (me te tere whakaata o te 90% ki te 99%).
Ko ngā mahi a te resonator: ① te whakaputa me te pupuri i te whakanui whatu; ② te whiriwhiri i te ahunga o te mārama putanga; ③ te whiriwhiri i te roangaru o te mārama putanga. Mō tētahi matū mahi motuhake, nā ngā āhuatanga rerekē, kāore te roangaru mārama tuturu e tukuna ana e motuhake, ā, he whānui motuhake te whānuitanga o te whānuitanga. Ka taea e te resonator te mahi i tētahi mahi whiriwhiri auau, kia pai ake ai te kotahi-tae o te taiaho.