Ko te kaupapa mahi me ngā momo matua o te taiaho haurua-ira

Te kaupapa matua o te mahi me ngā momo matuarēhia haurua-ira

Ārahi-hauruaNgā taiaho taiaho, me tōna tino whai huatanga, tōna whakaitiiti me tōna kanorau o ngā roangaru, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei wāhanga matua o te hangarau optoelectronic i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te tiaki hauora me te tukatuka ahumahi. Ka whakamāramahia anō e tēnei tuhinga te mātāpono mahi me ngā momo taiaho haurua-ira, he mea watea mō te tohutoro kōwhiringa a te nuinga o ngā kairangahau optoelectronic.

1. Te mātāpono tuku-mārama o ngā taiaho haurua-ira

Ko te mātāpono kanapa o ngā taiaho haurua-irahiko e hangai ana ki te hanganga o te roopu, ngā whakawhiti hiko me te tukunga whakaoho o ngā rauemi haurua-irahiko. Ko ngā rauemi haurua-irahiko he momo rauemi he āputa roopu, kei roto ko te roopu valence me te roopu kawe hiko. Ina noho te rauemi i te āhua whenua, ka whakakīia te roopu valence e ngā irahiko i te wā kāore he irahiko i roto i te roopu kawe hiko. Ina whakamahia he mara hiko ki waho, ina werohia rānei he iahiko, ka neke ētahi irahiko mai i te roopu valence ki te roopu kawe hiko, ka hanga he takirua irahiko-pōha. I te tukanga tukunga pūngao, ina whakaohokia ēnei takirua irahiko-pōha e te ao o waho, ka puta he photon, arā, ngā taiaho.

2. Ngā tikanga whakaohooho o ngā taiaho haurua-ira

E toru ngā tikanga whakaohooho mō ngā taiaho haurua-ira, arā, te momo werohanga hiko, te momo papu whatu, me te momo whakaohooho hihi irahiko pūngao-tiketike.

Ngā taiaho haurua-irahiko i werohia ki te hiko: Ko te tikanga, he diode hononga-mata haurua-irahiko i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi pēnei i te gallium arsenide (GaAs), te cadmium sulfide (CdS), te indium phosphide (InP), me te zinc sulfide (ZnS). Ka whakaohokia mā te werohanga i te iahiko i te taha o te piko whakamua, ka puta he tukunga whakaohooho i te rohe papa hononga.

Ngā taiaho haurua-ā-roto e pupuhihia ana e te whatu: I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia ngā tioata haurua-ā-roto momo-N, momo-P rānei (pērā i te GaAS, InAs, InSb, me ētahi atu) hei matū mahi, ā, ko terēserika tukuna e ētahi atu taiaho ka whakamahia hei whakaoho whatu.

Ngā taiaho haurua-whakaoho i te hihi irahiko teitei-pūngao: I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia hoki e rātou ngā tioata takitahi haurua-momo-N, momo-P rānei (pērā i te PbS, CdS, ZhO, me ētahi atu) hei matū mahi, ā, ka whakaohokia mā te werohanga i te hihi irahiko teitei-pūngao mai i waho. I roto i ngā taputapu taiaho haurua-whakaoho, ko te mea he pai ake te mahi me te whānui ake o te tono ko te taiaho GaAs diode werohanga hiko me te hanganga takirua heterostructure.

3. Ngā momo matua o ngā taiaho haurua-ira

Ko te Rohe Kaha o te taiaho haurua-ira te rohe matua mō te whakaputa me te whakanui i te photon, ā, he torutoru noa iho ngā maikiromita tōna matotoru. Ka whakamahia ngā hanganga arataki-ngaru ā-roto hei whakawhāiti i te horapa taha o ngā photon me te whakarei ake i te kiato pūngao (pērā i ngā arataki-ngaru o te tihi me ngā hononga heterojunction tanumia). Ka whakamahia e te taiaho he hoahoa totohu wera, ā, ka tīpakohia ngā rauemi kawe wera teitei (pērā i te koranu parahi-tungsten) mō te tere o te marara wera, ka taea te ārai i te nekeneke o te roanga ngaru i puta mai i te wera nui. E ai ki ō rātou hanganga me ngā āhuatanga tono, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā taiaho haurua-ira ki ngā wāhanga e whā e whai ake nei:

Reihana Tuku-Tapa (EEL)

Ka tukuna te taiaho mai i te mata tapahi i te taha o te maramara, ka hanga he ira porowhita (me te koki wehewehe tata ki te 30°×10°). Ko ngā roangaru noa ko te 808nm (mō te papu), 980 nm (mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero), me te 1550 nm (mō te whakawhitiwhiti muka). He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te tapahi ahumahi mana-teitei, ngā pūtake papu taiaho muka, me ngā whatunga tuara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu.

2. Reiti Whakaputa Mata Kōhao Poutū (VCSEL)

Ka tukuna te taiaho ki te mata o te maramara, he hihi porowhita, he hihi ōrite (koki rerekētanga <15°). Ka whakauruhia he whakaata Bragg tohatoha (DBR), ka kore e hiahiatia he whakaata o waho. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te pūoko 3D (pēnei i te mōhio kanohi waea pūkoro), te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu poto-whānui (ngā pokapū raraunga), me te LiDAR.

3. Reiti Whakapūtanga Kuantum (QCL)

I runga i te whakawhiti ā-papa o ngā irahiko i waenga i ngā Puna kuantum, ka hipokina e te roanga ngaru te awhe waenga-ki-tawhiti-whero (3-30 μm), me te kore e hiahiatia he hurihanga taupori. Ka whakaputahia ngā photon mā roto i ngā whakawhiti i waenga i ngā papa iti, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono pēnei i te ine hau (pēnei i te kite CO₂), te whakaahua terahertz, me te aroturuki taiao.

4. Reera Whakarerekē

Ka taea e te hoahoa āputa o waho o te reera ka taea te whakarerekē (whakairo/porosita/whakaata MEMS) te whakatutuki i te whānuitanga whakarerekētanga roangaru o te ±50 nm, me te whānui raina whaiti (<100 kHz) me te ōwehenga whakakore taha-taha teitei (>50 dB). He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā tono pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te wehewehe roangaru matotoru (DWDM), te tātari hihi, me te whakaahua koiora. He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā reera haurua-whakahaere i roto i ngā taputapu reera whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā taputapu rokiroki reera mamati, ngā taputapu tukatuka reera, ngā taputapu tohu me te takai reera, te whakatakoto momotuhi me te tā reera, ngā taputapu hauora reera, ngā taputapu kite tawhiti me te whakakotahi reera, ngā taputapu reera me ngā taputapu mō te whakangahau me te mātauranga, ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga reera, me ētahi atu. Nō roto rātou i ngā wāhanga matua o te umanga reera. Nā te whānuitanga o ngā tono, he maha ngā waitohu me ngā kaihanga reera. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana, me hangai ki ngā hiahia motuhake me ngā mara tono. He rerekē ngā tono a ngā kaihanga rerekē i roto i ngā mara rerekē, ā, me whiriwhiri te kaihanga me ngā reera i runga i te mara tono tuturu o te kaupapa.