Rēhiara pāorooro X-hihi akomanga TW

Rēhiara pāorooro X-hihi akomanga TW
Hiko-X Attosecondreera pāoroorome te kaha teitei me te roa o te pao poto koia te mea nui hei whakatutuki i te tirotiro kore-raina tino tere me te whakaahua diffraction hihi-X. I whakamahia e te rōpū rangahau i te United States he raupapa o ngā wāhanga-ruaNgā taiaho irahiko kore-hihihei whakaputa i ngā pāoro attosecond motuhake. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūrongo o nāianei, ka piki ake te mana tihi toharite o ngā pāoro mā te raupapa o te rahi, ko te mana tihi mōrahi ko te 1.1 TW, ā, ko te pūngao waenga he nui ake i te 100 μJ. E whakarato ana hoki te rangahau i ngā taunakitanga kaha mō te whanonga hihi-X rite ki te soliton.Ngā taiaho pūngao-tiketikekua akiakihia e ngā momo rangahau hou, tae atu ki te ahupūngao mara-teitei, te tirotiro ā-whatuwhatu, me ngā whakaterenga matūriki taiaho. I roto i ngā momo taiaho katoa, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā hihi-X i roto i te tātaritanga hauora, te kimi hapa ahumahi, te tirotiro haumaru me te rangahau pūtaiao. Ka taea e te taiaho irahiko-kore-X (XFEL) te whakanui ake i te mana hihi-X tihi mā te maha o ngā ota o te rahi ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu hangarau whakaputa hihi-X, ā, ka whakawhānui ake i te tono o ngā hihi-X ki te mara o te tirotiro ā-whatuwhatu kore-raina me te whakaahua diffraction matūriki kotahi ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana te mana teitei. Ko te angitu o te XFEL attosecond tata nei he whakatutukitanga nui i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau attosecond, e whakanui ake ana i te mana tihi e wātea ana mā te neke atu i te ono ota o te rahi ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūtake hihi-X papamahi.

Ngā taiaho irahiko kore utuka taea te whiwhi i ngā kaha pātītī he maha ngā ota o te rahi i te taumata tukunga tūpono mā te whakamahi i te kore pumau o te kohinga, e puta mai ana i te taunekeneke tonu o te mara irahiko i roto i te hihi irahiko relativistic me te oscillator aukume. I roto i te awhe hihi-X mārō (tata ki te 0.01 nm ki te 0.1 nm te roangaru), ka tutuki te FEL mā te kōpeketanga paihere me ngā tikanga coning post-saturation. I roto i te awhe hihi-X ngohengohe (tata ki te 0.1 nm ki te 10 nm te roangaru), ka whakatinanahia te FEL mā te hangarau cascade fresh-slice. Nō nā tata nei, kua pūrongohia ngā pātītī attosecond me te mana tihi o te 100 GW mā te whakamahi i te tikanga tukunga tūpono whakarei ake-whaiaro (ESASE).

I whakamahia e te tīma rangahau tētahi pūnaha whakakaha rua-wāhanga i runga i te XFEL hei whakakaha i te putanga pāhekoheko attosecond hihi-X ngohengohe mai i te linac coherent.pūtake māramaki te taumata TW, he whakapainga nui ake i ngā hua kua pūrongohia. Kei te Pikitia 1 te whakatakotoranga whakamātautau. I runga i te tikanga ESASE, ka whakatikatikaina te kaituku photocathode kia whiwhi ai i tētahi hihi irahiko me te pikinga iahiko teitei, ā, ka whakamahia hei whakaputa i ngā pāoro X-ray attosecond. Kei te taha mua o te pikinga o te hihi irahiko te pāoro tuatahi, e whakaaturia ana i te kokonga maui o runga o te Pikitia 1. Ina tae te XFEL ki te mākū, ka whakaroahia te hihi irahiko e pā ana ki te hihi-X e tētahi pūhiko aukume, kātahi ka taunekeneke te pāoro ki te hihi irahiko (poro hou) kāore i whakarerekētia e te whakatikatika ESASE, e te taiaho FEL rānei. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamahia he undulator aukume tuarua hei whakanui ake i ngā hihi-X mā te taunekeneke o ngā pāoro attosecond me te poro hou.

PIK. 1 Te hoahoa taputapu whakamātautau; E whakaatu ana te whakaahua i te wāhi wāhanga roa (te hoahoa wā-pūngao o te irahiko, kakariki), te kōtaha o ia au (kikorangi), me te irahiko i whakaputaina e te whakanui tuatahi (papura). XTCAV, te kōhao whakawhiti X-band; cVMI, pūnaha whakaahua mahere tere coaxial; FZP, ine ine pereti roopu Fresnel

I hangaia ngā pāoro attosecond katoa mai i te haruru, nō reira he rerekē ngā āhuatanga āwhata me te rohe-wā o ia pāoro, ā, i tūhuratia e ngā kairangahau i roto i ngā taipitopito. Mō ngā āwhata, i whakamahia e rātou he ine ine pereti roopu Fresnel hei ine i ngā āwhata o ngā pāoro takitahi i ngā roa rerekē o te undulator, ā, i kitea e mau tonu ana ngā āhua ngaru maeneene o ēnei āwhata ahakoa i muri i te whakanui tuarua, e tohu ana i te noho koretake o ngā pāoro. I roto i te rohe wā, ka inehia te taniko koki, ā, ka tautuhia te āhua ngaru rohe-wā o te pāoro. E ai ki te whakaaturanga i te Pikitia 1, ka taupatupatu te pāoro X-ray ki te pāoro laser infrared porowhita-polarized. Ka puta i ngā irahiko whakaahua kua whakakoitia e te pāoro X-ray ngā rārangi i te ahunga e rerekē ana ki te pūmanawa vector o te laser infrared. Nā te mea ka huri te mara hiko o te laser me te wā, ka whakatauhia te tohatoha nekehanga o te irahiko whakaahua e te wā o te tukunga irahiko, ā, ka whakatūria te whanaungatanga i waenga i te aratau koki o te wā tukunga me te tohatoha nekehanga o te irahiko whakaahua. Ka inehia te tohatoha o te nekehanga irahiko whakaahua mā te whakamahi i te ine ine whakaahua mahere tere coaxial. I runga i te tohatoha me ngā hua āwhata, ka taea te hanga anō i te āhua ngaru rohe-wā o ngā pātere attosecond. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 (a) i te tohatoha o te roanga pātere, me te tau waenga o te 440 as. Hei whakamutunga, i whakamahia te pūoko aroturuki hau hei ine i te kaha pātere, ā, i tatauhia te kauwhata marara i waenga i te kaha pātere tihi me te roanga pātere e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2 (b). E rite ana ngā whirihoranga e toru ki ngā āhuatanga arotahi hihi irahiko rerekē, ngā āhuatanga coning ngaru me ngā āhuatanga whakaroa compressor aukume. I puta i ngā whirihoranga e toru ngā kaha pātere toharite o te 150, 200, me te 260 µJ, ia, me te kaha tihi mōrahi o te 1.1 TW.

Pikitia 2. (a) Histogram tohatoha o te roanga o te pāorooro o te haurua-teitei o te Whānui Katoa (FWHM); (b) Kauwhata marara e rite ana ki te mana tihi me te roanga o te pāorooro

Hei tāpiritanga, i kitea anō hoki e te rangahau mō te wā tuatahi te āhuatanga o te tukunga nui rite ki te soliton i roto i te roopu hihi-X, e puta mai ana hei whakapoto tonu i te manawa i te wā whakanui. Nā te taunekeneke kaha i waenga i ngā irahiko me te hihi, me te tere o te whakawhiti pūngao mai i te irahiko ki te pane o te hihi-X, ka hoki ki te irahiko mai i te hiku o te hihi. Mā te rangahau hohonu o tēnei āhuatanga, e tumanakohia ana ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā manawa poto ake me te kaha tihi teitei ake mā te whakawhānui ake i te tukanga whakanui hihi-X me te whakamahi i te whakapoto i te manawa i roto i te aratau rite ki te soliton.