He aha te kaiwhakahaere pōrari muka?

He aha te kaiwhakahaere pōrari muka?
Whakamāramatanga: He taputapu ka taea te whakahaere i te āhua porowhita o te mārama i roto i ngā muka whatu. He mahangā taputapu muka whatu, pērā i ngā interferometers, me āhei te whakahaere i te āhua pōraritanga o te mārama i roto i te muka. Nō reira, kua whakawhanakehia ngā momo kaiwhakahaere pōraritanga muka rerekē.
Kaiwhakahaere taringa pekapeka i roto i te muka whatu piko
He mea noakaiwhakahaere porowhitaka tutuki mā te piko (te takai rānei) i ngā muka whatu hei whiwhi i te birefringence. Ko te roa katoa o te whakaroa (te rahi o te birefringence) he rite ki te roa o te muka, ā, he rite whakamuri ki te radius piko. E pā ana hoki ki te momo muka whatu. I ētahi wā, ka taea te takai i te muka whatu i ngā wā maha ki tētahi radius piko motuhake hei whiwhi i te whakaroa o te λ/2, λ/4 rānei.

Pikitia 1: Kaiwhakahaere pōrotanga taringa pekapeka, he mea tito mai i ngā koiri muka whatu e toru ka taea te huri i te tuaka o te muka taunga.
I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā koiri e whakamahia ana hei hanga i tētahi pou, ko te koiri waenga hei pereti haurua ngaru, ā, ko ngā taha e rua hei pereti hauwhā ngaru. Ka taea e ia koiri te huri i te tuaka o ngā muka whatu e puta mai ana me ngā muka whatu e puta atu ana. Mā te whakarerekē i te aronga o ngā koiri e toru, ka taea te huri i te āhua pōraritanga o tētahi roangaru taunga motuhake ki tētahi āhua pōraritanga putanga. Heoi, ko te pānga ki te pōraritanga e pā ana hoki ki te roangaru. I te mana tihi teitei (e puta ana i roto i ngā pāoro poto rawa), ka puta te hurihanga pōraritanga kore-raina. Kaua e iti rawa te diameter o te koiri muka whatu, ki te kore ka puta he mate piko tāpiri i te piko. Ko tētahi atu momo kiato ake, ā, he iti ake te aro ki te kore-raina, e whakamahi ana i te birefringence kaha (te tiaki pōraritanga) o ngā muka whatu kaua ki ngā koiri muka.
Kua kōpeketiaKaiwhakahaere Whakapūtātanga muka
He taputapu kei reira ka taea te tiki i ngā pereti ngaru rerekē, ka taea te pēhi i te roa o ngā muka whatu ki tētahi taumata i raro i ngā pēhanga rerekē. Mā te hurihuri me te pēhi haere i te muka whatu huri noa i tōna tuaka, me te whakapiri i tētahi tawhiti mai i te wāhanga pēhi, ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi āhua pōraritanga putanga. Inaa, ko te mahi rite tonu ki te Babinet Soleil compensator (he momo purangataputapu whatu(kei roto ngā poro rua-rua) ka taea te whiwhi, ahakoa he rerekē ā rātou mātāpono mahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tūranga pēhanga maha, ko te pēhanga anake te mea ka huri, ehara i te koki hurihuri. Ko ngā huringa pēhanga ka tutukihia mā te whakamahi i ngā transducers piezoelectric. Ka taea hoki e tēnei taputapu te mahi hei polarizer, ko te piezoelectric ka peia e ngā auau rerekē, e ngā tohu matapōkere rānei.