Ko ngā optocouplers, e hono ana i ngā ara iahiko mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu whatu hei reo, he huānga e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te tino tika, pērā i te oro, te rongoā me te ahumahi, nā te mea he nui te whakamahinga me te pono, pērā i te pakari me te whakamarumaru.
Engari āhea, ā, i raro i ngā āhuatanga hea ka mahi te optocoupler, ā, he aha te kaupapa matua kei muri? Mēnā rānei ka whakamahia e koe te photocoupler i roto i āu ake mahi hiko, kāore pea koe e mōhio me pēhea te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka pohehe te optocoupler ki te "phototransistor" me te "photodiode". Nō reira, ka whakamāramahia he aha te photocoupler i roto i tēnei tuhinga.
He aha te hononga whakaahua?
Ko te optocoupler he wāhanga hiko e ahu mai ana i te whatu
Ko te hononga, ko tōna tikanga "te hononga ki te māramatanga." I ētahi wā ka mōhiotia anō ko te optocoupler, te wehewehe whatu, te whakamarumaru whatu, me ētahi atu. Kei roto i tēnei ko te huānga tuku māramatanga me te huānga whiwhi māramatanga, ā, ka hono i te ara iahiko taha tāuru me te ara iahiko taha putanga mā te tohu whatu. Kāore he hononga hiko i waenga i ēnei ara iahiko, arā, i roto i te āhua whakamarumaru. Nō reira, he motuhake te hononga ara iahiko i waenga i te tāuru me te putanga, ā, ko te tohu anake ka tukuna. Honoa ngā ara iahiko me ngā taumata ngaohiko tāuru me te putanga tino rerekē, me te whakamarumaru ngaohiko teitei i waenga i te tāuru me te putanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te tuku, te aukati rānei i tēnei tohu mārama, ka mahi ia hei pana. Ka whakamāramahia te kaupapa me te tikanga taipitopito i muri mai, engari ko te wāhanga tuku mārama o te photocoupler he LED (light emitting diode).
Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960 ki te tekau tau atu i 1970, i te wā i hangaia ai ngā rama LED me te nui o ngā whanaketanga hangarau,ngā taputapu hikohikoi tino puāwai. I taua wā, he maha ngāngā taputapu whatui hangaia, ā, ko te hononga whakaahua-hiko tētahi o aua mea. Nō muri mai, ka tere te uru mai o ngā optoelectronics ki roto i ō tātou ao.
① Mātāpono/tikanga
Ko te kaupapa matua o te optocoupler ko te hurihanga o te tohu hiko whakauru ki te māramatanga e te huānga tuku mārama, ā, ka tukuna te tohu hiko whakahoki e te huānga whiwhi mārama ki te ara iahiko taha putanga. Kei roto i te poraka mārama o waho te huānga tuku mārama me te huānga whiwhi mārama, ā, kei te anga whakamua ngā mea e rua hei tuku māramatanga.
Ko te haurua-whakawhiti e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā huānga tuku mārama ko te LED (light-emitting diode). I tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā momo haurua-whakawhiti e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu whiwhi mārama, i runga i te taiao whakamahinga, te rahi o waho, te utu, me ētahi atu, engari i te nuinga o te wā, ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te phototransistor.
Ina kore e mahi, he iti noa te ia o ngā phototransistors e kawe ana i te ia e rite ana ki ngā semiconductors noa. Ina pā te mārama ki reira, ka whakaputa te phototransistor i te kaha photoelectromotive ki runga i te mata o te semiconductors momo-P me te semiconductors momo-N, ka rere ngā kōhao i te semiconductors momo-N ki te rohe p, ka rere te semiconductors irahiko kore utu i te rohe p ki te rohe n, ā, ka rere te ia.
Kāore ngā phototransistors i te tino aro atu ki ngā photodiodes, engari he pānga anō hoki tā rātou ki te whakanui ake i te putanga ki ngā rau ki te 1,000 ngā wā o te tohu tāuru (nā te papa hiko o roto). Nō reira, he tino tairongo rātou ki te hopu i ngā tohu ngoikore, he painga tēnei.
Ina hoki, ko te "aukati mārama" e kitea ana e tātou he taputapu hiko me te kaupapa me te tikanga ōrite.
Heoi, ko ngā mea whakakore mārama ka whakamahia hei pūoko, ā, mā te tuku i tētahi mea ārai mārama i waenganui i te huānga e tuku mārama ana me te huānga e whiwhi mārama ana. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi hei kimi moni me ngā moni pepa i roto i ngā mīhini hoko me ngā ATM.
② Ngā Āhuatanga
Nā te mea ka tukuna ngā tohu e te optocoupler mā te mārama, ko te ārai i waenganui i te taha tāuru me te taha tāputa he āhuatanga nui. Kāore e pāngia ngāwaritia e te haruru te ārai teitei, engari ka ārai hoki i te rere o te iahiko tūpono i waenganui i ngā ara iahiko tata, he mea tino whai hua mō te haumaru. Ā, he tino māmā, he whaitake hoki te hanganga.
Nā te roa o tōna hītori, he painga motuhake anō hoki te whānuitanga o ngā hua o ngā kaihanga rerekē ki ngā optocouplers. Nā te mea kāore he pa ā-tinana, he iti te pakaru i waenga i ngā wāhanga, ā, he roa ake te ora. I tētahi atu taha, he āhuatanga anō hoki ko te ngāwari o te hurihanga o te pai o te kanapa, nā te mea ka pōturi te pirau o te LED i te roanga o te wā me ngā huringa pāmahana.
Ina koa ka pōuri te wāhanga o roto o te kirihou mārama mō te wā roa, kāore e tino pai te māramatanga. Heoi anō, ahakoa pēhea, he roa rawa te ora ki te whakataurite ki te pa o te pa miihini.
He puhoi ake ngā phototransistors i ngā photodiodes, nō reira kāore e whakamahia mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti tere-teitei. Heoi, ehara tēnei i te ngoikoretanga, nā te mea he ara iahiko whakanui kei ētahi wāhanga i te taha putanga hei whakanui ake i te tere. Inaa, ehara i te mea me whakanui ake te tere o ngā ara iahiko hiko katoa.
③ Whakamahinga
Ngā hononga whakaahua-hikoe whakamahia ana mō te mahi whakawhiti. Ka whakakahangia te ara iahiko mā te tahuri i te pana, engari mai i te tirohanga a ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei, inā koa te whakamarumaru me te roa o te ora, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana kia tino pono. Hei tauira, ko te haruru te hoariri o ngā hiko hauora me ngā taputapu oro/taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā pūnaha taraiwa mōtini. Ko te take o te mōtini he mea whakahaere te tere e te inverter ina taraiwahia, engari ka puta he haruru nā te putanga teitei. Ehara i te mea ka pakaru noa te mōtini i tēnei haruru, engari ka rere hoki i roto i te "whenua" ka pā ki ngā taputapu taha. Ina koa, he ngāwari te hopu i tēnei haruru putanga teitei ki ngā taputapu he roa ngā waea, nō reira, ki te puta i roto i te wheketere, ka nui ngā mate ka puta, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he aituā kino. Mā te whakamahi i ngā optocouplers tino ārai mō te whakawhiti, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga ki ētahi atu ara iahiko me ngā taputapu.
Tuarua, me pēhea te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi i ngā optocouplers
Me pēhea te whakamahi i te optocoupler tika mō te hoahoa hua? Ka whakamāramahia e ngā kaihangarau whakawhanake pūmana iti e whai ake nei te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi i ngā optocoupler.
① Tuwhera tonu, kati tonu
E rua ngā momo hononga whakaahua: te momo e whakawetohia ana te pana (weto) ina kore he hiko e whakamahia ana, te momo e whakawetohia ana te pana (weto) ina whakamahia ana he hiko, me te momo e whakawetohia ana te pana ina kore he hiko. Ka whakamahia, ka whakawetohia ina whakamahia ana he hiko.
Ko te mea tuatahi ka kiia he tuwhera noa, ko te mea tuarua ka kiia he kati noa. Ko te huarahi whiriwhiri, ko te momo ara iahiko e hiahiatia ana e koe te mea tuatahi.
② Tirohia te iahiko putanga me te ngaohiko e whakamahia ana
Kei ngā hononga whakaahua te āheinga ki te whakanui i te tohu, engari kāore e tika ana kia puta i roto i te ngaohiko me te iahiko i ngā wā katoa. He pono, he mea whakatau, engari me whakamahi he ngaohiko mai i te taha whakauru kia rite ki te iahiko putanga e hiahiatia ana.
Ki te titiro tātou ki te pepa raraunga hua, ka kitea he tūtohi kei reira te tuaka poutū ko te iahiko putanga (iahiko kaikohi) ā, ko te tuaka whakapae ko te ngaohiko tāuru (iahiko kaikohi-kaituku). Ka rerekē te iahiko kaikohi i runga i te kaha o te rama LED, nō reira whakamahia te ngaohiko i runga i te iahiko putanga e hiahiatia ana.
Heoi, tera pea ka whakaaro koe he iti rawa te iahiko putanga i tatauhia i konei. Koinei te uara iahiko ka taea tonu te whakaputa pono i muri i te whakaaro ki te hekenga o te LED i roto i te wā, nō reira he iti iho i te whakatauranga mōrahi.
Heoi anō, kei reira ētahi wā kāore i te nui te ia putanga. Nō reira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te optocoupler, kia tino tirohia te "ia putanga" me te whiriwhiri i te hua e ōrite ana.
③ Te au mōrahi
Ko te au hiko mōrahi ko te uara au mōrahi ka taea e te optocoupler te tu atu i te wā e hiko ana. Me whakarite anō kia mōhio tātou ki te nui o te putanga e hiahiatia ana e te kaupapa me te ngaohiko whakauru i mua i te hoko. Me whakarite kia kaua te uara mōrahi me te au e whakamahia ana e herea, engari he āputa kei reira.
④ Whakatakotoria te hononga whakaahua kia tika
I te mea kua whiriwhiria te optocoupler tika, me whakamahi tātou i roto i tētahi kaupapa tūturu. He māmā noa te tāutanga, honoa noa ngā pito e hono ana ki ia ara iahiko taha tāuru me te ara iahiko taha putanga. Heoi, me tūpato kei he te taha tāuru me te taha putanga. Nō reira, me tirotiro hoki e koe ngā tohu i roto i te ripanga raraunga, kia kore ai koe e kite kua hē te waewae hononga hiko whakaahua i muri i te tuhi i te papa PCB.
Wā tuku: Hurae-29-2023