Whakarāpopototanga: Te hanganga taketake me te kaupapa mahi o te taputapu whakaahua-ā-horonga (Pūoko whakaahua APD) ka whakaurua mai, ka tātarihia te tukanga whanaketanga o te hanganga o te taputapu, ka whakarāpopototia te tūnga rangahau o nāianei, ā, ka rangahaua te whanaketanga o te APD ā muri ake nei.
1. Kupu Whakataki
He taputapu te pūoko whakaahua e huri ana i ngā tohu mārama hei tohu hiko. I roto i tepūoko whakaahua haurua-haurua, ka uru te kaikawe whakaahua i whakaohokia e te photon taupatupatu ki te ara iahiko o waho i raro i te ngaohiko whakahāngai kua tukuna, ā, ka hanga he iahiko whakaahua ine. Ahakoa i te urupare mōrahi, ka taea e te photodiode PIN te whakaputa i te takirua o ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i te nuinga, he taputapu kāore he whiwhinga ā-roto. Mō te urupare nui ake, ka taea te whakamahi i te photodiode avalanche (APD). Ko te pānga whakanui o te APD ki te iahiko whakaahua e ahu mai ana i te pānga tukinga ionization. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā irahiko me ngā pōha tere te whiwhi pūngao nui hei tukinga ki te whatunga hei whakaputa i tētahi takirua hou o ngā takirua irahiko-pōha. He tukanga mekameka tēnei, kia taea ai e te takirua o ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i hangaia e te mimiti mārama te whakaputa i te maha o ngā takirua irahiko-pōha me te hanga i tētahi iahiko whakaahua tuarua nui. Nō reira, he urupare teitei me te whiwhinga ā-roto a te APD, e whakapai ake ana i te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru o te taputapu. Ka whakamahia te APD i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu tawhiti, iti ake rānei me ētahi atu herenga ki te mana whatu i whiwhihia. I tēnei wā, he nui ngā tohunga taputapu whatu e tino harikoa ana mō ngā tūmanakohanga o te APD, ā, e whakapono ana rātou he mea tika te rangahau i te APD hei whakarei ake i te whakataetae ā-ao o ngā mara e pā ana.
2. Te whanaketanga hangarau opūoko whakaahua horonga(Kaiwhakaahua APD)
2.1 Ngā Rauemi
(1)Pūoko whakaahua Si
He hangarau pakari te hangarau rauemi Si e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ao o te hikohiko iti, engari kāore i te pai mō te whakarite i ngā taputapu i roto i te awhe roangaru o te 1.31mm me te 1.55mm e whakaaetia whānuitia ana i roto i te ao o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu.
(2)Ge
Ahakoa he pai te urupare āwhata o Ge APD mō ngā whakaritenga o te iti o te ngaronga me te iti o te marara i roto i te tuku muka whatu, he nui ngā uauatanga i roto i te tukanga whakarite. Hei tāpiri, ko te ōwehenga tere ionization irahiko me te kōhao a Ge e tata ana ki te () 1, nō reira he uaua ki te whakarite i ngā taputapu APD mahi-teitei.
(3)In0.53Ga0.47As/InP
He tikanga whai hua tēnei ki te whiriwhiri i te In0.53Ga0.47As hei paparanga mimiti mārama o te APD, me te InP hei paparanga whakarea. Ko te tihi mimiti o te rauemi In0.53Ga0.47As he 1.65mm, 1.31mm, 1.55mm te roangaru, tata ki te 104cm-1 te tauwehenga mimiti teitei, koinei te rauemi e pai ana mō te paparanga mimiti o te pūoko mārama i tēnei wā.
(4)Pūoko whakaahua InGaAs/I rotopūoko whakaahua
Mā te whiriwhiri i te InGaAsP hei paparanga mimiti mārama, me te InP hei paparanga whakarea, ka taea te whakarite i te APD me te roangaru urupare o te 1-1.4mm, te pai o te matūriki, te iti o te ia pōuri me te nui o te pikinga o te huka. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga koranu rerekē, ka tutuki te mahi pai rawa atu mō ngā roangaru motuhake.
(5)InGaAs/InAlAs
He āputa roopu (1.47eV) tō te rauemi In0.52Al0.48As, ā, kāore e mimiti i te awhe roangaru o te 1.55mm. E whakaatu ana te taunakitanga ka taea e te paparanga epitaxial In0.52Al0.48As angiangi te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga whakanui pai ake i te InP hei paparanga whakarea i raro i te tikanga werohanga irahiko parakore.
(6)InGaAs/InGaAs (P) /InAlAs me InGaAs/In (Al) GaAs/InAlAs
Ko te tere o te ionization pānga o ngā rauemi he mea nui e pā ana ki te mahi a te APD. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere o te ionization tukinga o te paparanga whakarea mā te whakauru i ngā hanganga InGaAs (P) /InAlAs me In (Al) GaAs/InAlAs superframe. Mā te whakamahi i te hanganga superframe, ka taea e te hangarau roopu te whakahaere hangai i te kore haere tonu o te taha roopu kore taurite i waenga i te roopu arataki me ngā uara roopu valence, me te whakarite kia nui ake te kore haere tonu o te roopu arataki i te kore haere tonu o te roopu valence (ΔEc>>ΔEv). Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi papatipu InGaAs, ka tino piki ake te tere ionization irahiko o te puna quantum InGaAs/InAlAs (a), ā, ka nui ake te kaha o ngā irahiko me ngā kōhao. Nā te ΔEc>>ΔEv, ka taea te tumanako ka nui ake te tere ionization irahiko i te kaha o te irahiko i te takoha o te kaha kōhao ki te tere ionization kōhao (b). Ka piki ake te ōwehenga (k) o te tere ionization irahiko ki te tere ionization kōhao. Nō reira, ka taea te whiwhi i te hua whānui-whakanui teitei (GBW) me te mahi haruru iti mā te whakamahi i ngā hanganga superlattice. Heoi, he uaua te whakamahi i tēnei hanganga puna irahiko InGaAs/InAlAs APD, ka taea te whakanui ake i te uara k, ki ngā kaiwhiwhi whatu. Nā te mea ko te tauwehe whakarea e pā ana ki te urupare mōrahi ka whakawhāitihia e te ia pōuri, ehara i te haruru whakarea. I roto i tēnei hanganga, ko te ia pōuri te take matua o te pānga whakararo o te paparanga puna InGaAs me te āputa roopu whaiti, nō reira ko te whakaurunga o te koranu whāwhā āputa roopu whānui, pērā i te InGaAsP, InAlGaAs rānei, hei utu mō te InGaAs hei paparanga puna o te hanganga puna irahiko ka taea te pehi i te ia pōuri.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 13-2023