Hangarau puna taiaho momuka whatute rongo i te Wahi Tuatahi
Ko te hangarau o te muka whatu whatu ko te ahua o te hangarau tairongo i whakawhanakehia me te hangarau muka whatu me te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu, a kua waiho hei tetahi o nga manga tino kaha o te hangarau photoelectric.Ko te punaha whakaata muka whatu kei te nuinga o te taiaho, te muka tuku, te huānga whakaraerae, te waahi whakarereke ranei, te kitenga marama me etahi atu waahanga.Ko nga tawhā e whakaatu ana i nga ahuatanga o te ngaru marama ko te kaha, te roangaru, te wahanga, te ahua polarization, me etahi atu. Ka taea te whakarereke i enei taapiri e nga awe o waho i roto i te tuku muka whatu.Hei tauira, ina pa ana te pāmahana, te riaka, te pehanga, te naianei, te neke, te wiri, te hurihanga, te piko me te rahinga matū ki te ara whatu, ka huri ano enei tawhā.Ko te whakaraerae muka whatu kei runga i te hononga i waenga i enei tawhā me nga mea o waho kia kitea ai nga rahinga tinana.
He maha nga momopuna laserwhakamahia i roto i te whatu whatu sensing pūnaha, e taea te wehea ki e rua ngā kāwai: hāngaipuna laserme nga puna marama incoherent, incoherentpuna maramako te nuinga o nga rama kaakaro me nga diodes tuku-marama, me nga puna maamaa ko nga laser totoka, nga laser wai, nga laser hau,taiaho hikohikoataiaho muka.Ko nga mea e whai ake nei ko te nuinga mo tepuna marama laserwhakamahia whānuitia i roto i te mara o te muka sensing i roto i nga tau tata nei: whāiti raina whanui kotahi-auau laser, kotahi-roa ngaru sweep auau taiaho me te taiaho ma.
1.1 Nga whakaritenga mo te whanui raina whaitipuna rama laser
E kore e taea te wehea te punaha whakaata muka orotika mai i te puna taiaho, i te mea ko te ngaru o te kaikawe tohu ine marama, te puna rama taiaho ano te mahi, penei i te pumau o te mana, te whanui raina taiaho, te haruru o te wahanga me etahi atu tawhā i runga i te tawhiti o te kitenga o te punaha muka whatu, te kitenga. te tika, te tairongo me nga ahuatanga haruru ka whai waahi nui.I roto i nga tau tata nei, me te whakawhanaketanga o nga punaha whakamaarama muka teitei-tawhiti-tawhiti-tawhiti, kua tukuna e te whare wananga me te umanga nga whakaritenga kaha ake mo te mahi whanui o te miniaturization taiaho, te nuinga i roto i: te whakaata o te rohe auau whatu (OFDR). hangarau rapu ki te tātari i nga tohu marara backrayleigh o nga muka whatu i te rohe auau, me te whanui whanui (mano mita).Ko nga painga o te taumira teitei (taumira taumata-millimeter) me te tairongo teitei (tae atu ki te -100 dBm) kua noho ko tetahi o nga hangarau me te whanui o te tono i roto i te tohatoha inenga muka whatu me te hangarau rongo.Ko te kaupapa matua o te hangarau OFDR ko te whakamahi i te puna marama ka taea ki te whakatutuki i te oro oro, na te mahinga o te puna laser e whakatau ana i nga mea matua penei i te awhe kitenga OFDR, te maarama me te whakatau.Ina tata te tawhiti o te ira whakaata ki te roa o te hono, ka whakaemihia te kaha o te tohu patupatu e te whakarea τ/τc.Mo te puna marama Gaussian me te ahua matakite, kia mohio ai he nui ake i te 90% te kitenga o te auau patupatu, ko te hononga i waenga i te whanui raina o te puna marama me te roa o te rongo ka taea e te punaha te whakatutuki ko Lmax~0.04vg /f, ko te tikanga mo te muka e 80 kiromita te roa, ko te whanui raina o te puna marama he iti iho i te 100 Hz.I tua atu, ko te whakawhanaketanga o etahi atu tono ka tukuna ano nga whakaritenga teitei ake mo te whanui raina o te puna marama.Hei tauira, i roto i te punaha hydrophone muka whatu, ko te whanui raina o te puna marama ka whakatau i te haruru o te punaha me te whakatau hoki i te tohu ine iti rawa o te punaha.I roto i te Brillouin optical time reflector rohe (BOTDR), ko te whakatau inenga o te pāmahana me te ahotea e tino whakatauhia ana e te whanui raina o te puna marama.I roto i te resonator fiber optic gyro, ka taea te whakanui ake i te roa o te hononga o te ngaru marama ma te whakaiti i te whanui o te raina o te puna marama, na reira ka pai ake te pai me te hohonu o te resonance o te resonator, te whakaiti i te whanui o te raina o te resonator, me te whakarite i te ine. tika o te gyro muka whatu.
1.2 Nga whakaritenga mo nga puna laser sweep
Ko te laser sweep te roangaru kotahi he mahi whakaraerae i te roangaru, ka taea te whakakapi i te maha o nga whakaputanga laser roangaru pumau, whakaitihia te utu mo te hanga punaha, he waahanga nui o te punaha whakaata muka.Hei tauira, i roto i te tirotiro muka hau, he rereke nga momo hau e rere ke ana nga tihi o te hau.Hei whakarite i te kaha o te whakaurunga marama ina rawaka te hau ine me te whakatutuki i te tairongo ine teitei ake, he mea tika ki te whakahāngai i te roangaru o te puna marama tuku ki te tihi absorption o te ngota hau.Ko te momo hau e kitea ana ka tino whakatauhia e te roangaru o te puna marama.No reira, ko nga taiaho whaanui whaiti me nga mahi whakatangi aunui pumau he pai ake te inenga i roto i enei punaha mohio.Hei tauira, i roto i etahi o nga punaha whakaata muka whatu kua tohatohahia i runga i te whakaata rohe auau whatu, me tere te horoi i te taiaho i ia wa ki te whakatutuki i te kitenga tino tika me te whakahekenga o nga tohu whatu, no reira he nui nga whakaritenga o te reiti whakarereke o te puna laser. , me te tere sweep o te taiaho whakarite e hiahiatia ana kia tae ki te 10 pm/μs.I tua atu, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te taiaho whaanui whaiti te roangaru i roto i te liDAR, te taiaho mamao taiaho me te tātaritanga spectral taumira teitei me etahi atu mara mohio.Hei whakatutuki i nga whakaritenga o nga tawhā mahi teitei o te whakaraerae i te bandwidth, te tika o te whakatangi me te tere tere o nga lasers roangaru kotahi i roto i te waahi o te whakaraerae muka, ko te whaainga nui o te ako i nga laser muka whaiti-whanui orohia i nga tau tata nei ko te whakatutuki i te teitei- te whakakorikori tika i roto i te awhe roangaru nui ake i runga i te whai i te whanui-whanui laser tino whaiti, te haruru o te wahanga iti-iti, me te auau whakaputa me te mana kaha.
1.3 Te tono mo te puna marama laser ma
I roto i te mara o te whatu whatu,-kounga teitei ma te taiaho marama he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te mahi o te punaha.Ko te whanui ake o te kapoipoi o te taiaho marama ma, ka nui ake tana tono i roto i te punaha whakaata muka whatu.Hei tauira, i te wa e whakamahi ana te muka Bragg pae kupenga (FBG) ki te hanga i te kupenga pukoro, ka taea te whakamahi i te tātari matakite, i te tikanga whakaritenga tātari rango ranei mo te whakahekeheke.I whakamahia e te mea o mua he irirangi hei whakamatautau tika i ia roangaru orooro FBG i roto i te whatunga.Ka whakamahia e te hunga o muri he tātari tohutoro ki te whai me te whakatika i te FBG i roto i te maaramatanga, e hiahia ana enei mea e rua he puna rama aunui hei puna rama whakamatautau mo te FBG.Na te mea ka ngaro te whakaurunga o ia whatunga uru FBG, a he nui atu i te 0.1 nm te bandwidth, ko te whakahekenga kotahi o nga FBG maha e hiahia ana he puna marama aunui me te kaha teitei me te bandwidth teitei.Hei tauira, i te wa e whakamahi ana i te kupenga muka mo te wa roa (LPFG) mo te whakamaarama, na te mea kei te 10 nm te bandwidth o te tihi mate kotahi, ka hiahiatia he puna marama whanui me te whanui whanui me te awhiowhio ahua papatahi kia tika ai te whakaatu i tona resonant. āhuatanga tihi.Otirā, ko te kupenga muka acoustic (AIFG) i hangaia ma te whakamahi i te awenga acousto-optical ka taea te whakatutuki i te awhe oro o te roangaru haruru tae atu ki te 1000 nm na roto i te whakawai hiko.No reira, he wero nui ki te awhe bandwidth o te puna marama-a-whanui-a-whanui ki te whakamatautau kupenga hihiko me te awhe tino whanui.Waihoki, i roto i nga tau tata nei, kua whakamahia whanuitia te kupenga muka Bragg i roto i te waahi o te whakaraerae muka.Na te maha o nga ahuatanga o te awheawhe mate, ko te awhe tohatoha roangaru ka eke ki te 40 nm.Ko te tikanga ka whakatauritehia te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i nga tihi tuku maha, no reira me tino ine i tana awhi tuku.Ko te whanui me te kaha o te puna marama whanui e hiahiatia ana kia teitei ake.
2. Te mana rangahau i te kainga, i waho hoki
2.1 Te puna rama laser whanui raina whaiti
2.1.1 Narrow linewide semiconductor tohatoha urupare taiaho
I te tau 2006, Cliche et al.i whakaitihia te tauine MHz o te semiconductorDFB taiaho(te taiaho urupare tohatoha ) ki te tauine kHz ma te whakamahi tikanga urupare hiko;I te tau 2011, ko Kessler et al.whakamahia iti pāmahana me te pūmautanga tiketike kōhao karaihe kotahi ngā ki te mana urupare kaha ki te whiwhi ultra-kuiti linewide putanga taiaho o 40 MHz;I roto i te 2013, i whiwhi a Peng et al he putanga laser semiconductor me te whanui raina o te 15 kHz ma te whakamahi i te tikanga o waho o Fabry-Perot (FP) whakatikatika urupare.Ko te tikanga urupare hiko i te nuinga o te whakamahi i te Pond-Drever-Hall urupare whakapumau auau ki te whakaiti i te raina taiaho o te puna marama.I te tau 2010, Bernhardi et al.i hanga 1 henimita o te FBG alumina erbium-doped i runga i te tïpako waikura silicon ki te whiwhi i te putanga taiaho me te whanui raina o te 1.7 kHz.I taua tau ano, ko Liang et al.whakamahia te urupare werohanga whaiaro o te whakamuri o te whakamararatanga a Rayleigh i hangaia e te resonator pakitara echo-Q teitei mo te whakakope i te whanui raina-raina semiconductor, penei i te Whakaaturanga 1, ka mutu ka whiwhi i te putanga taiaho whanui-whanui whaiti o 160 Hz.
Whakaahua 1 (a) Hoahoa o te kopeketanga whanui raina taiaho i runga i te werohanga-whaiaro a Rayleigh marara o te resonator aratau taiwhanga muhumuhu o waho;
(b) Awhiowhio auau o te taiaho hikohiko rere kore utu me te whanui raina o te 8 MHz;
(c) Awhiowhio auau o te taiaho me te whanui raina kua kopaki ki te 160 Hz
2.1.2 Narrow linewide muka laser
Mo nga laser muka o te kohao raina, ko te whakaputanga taiaho raina whaiti o te aratau roa kotahi ka whiwhi ma te whakapoto i te roa o te resonator me te whakanui ake i te waahi aratau roa.I te tau 2004, Spiegelberg et al.i whiwhi i te aratau ahopou kotahi te whakaputanga taiaho whanui raina whaiti me te whanui raina o te 2 kHz ma te whakamahi i te tikanga kohao poto DBR.I te tau 2007, ko Shen et al.I whakamahia he muka kirikiri 2 cm nui te erbium-doped ki te tuhi FBG i runga i te Bi-Ge muka whakaahuru whakaahua, ka honoa ki te muka hohe hei hanga i te kohao raina kiato, ka iti iho i te 1 kHz te whanui o te raina whakaputa laser.I te tau 2010, ko Yang et al.I whakamahia he kohao raina poto 2cm tino doped me te tātari FBG narrowband kia whiwhi i te putanga taiaho aratau roa kotahi me te whanui raina iti iho i te 2 kHz.I te tau 2014, i whakamahia e te kapa he kohao raina poto (he resonator mowhiti takai mariko) i honoa ki te tātari FBG-FP ki te whiwhi i te putanga laser me te whanui raina whaiti, penei i te Whakaahua 3. I te tau 2012, Cai et al.i whakamahia he hanganga kohao poto 1.4cm ki te whiwhi i te putanga taiaho polarizing me te mana whakaputa nui ake i te 114 mW, he roangaru pokapū o 1540.3 nm, me te whanui raina o 4.1 kHz.I te tau 2013, ko Meng et al.i whakamahia te Brillouin marara o te muka erbium-doped me te kohao mowhiti poto o te taputapu tiaki-nui ki te whiwhi i te aratau kotahi-roa, iti-waahanga haruru laser putanga me te mana whakaputa o 10 mW.I te tau 2015, i whakamahia e te roopu he kohao mowhiti he 45 cm te muka erbium-doped na te Brillouin scattering gain medium ki te whiwhi i te paepae iti me te putanga taiaho whanui whaiti.
Whakaahua 2 (a) Te tuhi hoahoa o te taiaho muka SLC;
(b) Ko te ahua raina o te tohu heterodyne i ine me te 97.6 kiromita te roa o te muka
Te wa tuku: Noema-20-2023