Hangarau pūtake taiaho mōmuka whatute rongo i te Wāhanga Tuatahi
Ko te hangarau pūoko muka whatu he momo hangarau pūoko i whakawhanakehia tahitia me te hangarau muka whatu me te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu, ā, kua noho hei tetahi o ngā peka tino kaha o te hangarau whakaahua-hiko. Ko te pūnaha pūoko muka whatu he mea hanga nui mai i te rēseri, te muka tuku, te huānga pūoko, te wāhi whakarerekētanga rānei, te kimi mārama me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko ngā tawhā e whakaahua ana i ngā āhuatanga o te ngaru mārama ko te kaha, te roanga ngaru, te wāhanga, te āhua pōraritanga, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakarerekē i ēnei tawhā e ngā awe o waho i roto i te tuku muka whatu. Hei tauira, ina pā te pāmahana, te taumahatanga, te pēhanga, te ia, te nekehanga, te wiri, te hurihanga, te piko me te rahinga matū ki te ara whatu, ka rerekē ēnei tawhā. Ko te pūoko muka whatu e hangai ana ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ēnei tawhā me ngā āhuatanga o waho hei kimi i ngā rahinga ā-tinana e rite ana.
He maha ngā momopūtake lasere whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pūoko muka whatu, e taea te wehewehe ki ngā wāhanga e rua: te arotaungā pūtake taiahome ngā pūtake mārama koretake, koretakengā pūtake māramako te nuinga kei roto ko te rama mura me ngā rama-whakaputa rama, ā, ko ngā puna rama honohono ko ngā reera totoka, ngā reera wai, ngā reera hau,rēhia haurua-iramemuka rēseriKo te mea e whai ake nei mō tepūtake mārama taiahoe whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā tau tata nei i roto i te mara o te pūoko muka: te taiaho auau-kotahi whānui rārangi whaiti, te taiaho auau whāwhā kotahi-ngaru me te taiaho mā.
1.1 Ngā whakaritenga mō te whānui rārangi whaitingā pūtake mārama taiaho
Kāore e taea te wehe i te pūnaha pūoko muka whatu mai i te pūtake taiaho, nā te mea ko te ngaru mārama o te kaikawe tohu e inehia ana, ko te mahi a te pūtake mārama taiaho tonu, pērā i te pumau o te mana, te whānui raina taiaho, te haruru ā-wāhanga me ētahi atu tawhā i runga i te tawhiti kitea o te pūnaha pūoko muka whatu, te tika o te kitenga, te aro me ngā āhuatanga haruru he mahi nui. I ngā tau tata nei, me te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha pūoko muka whatu taumira teitei-roa, kua whakatakotohia e te ao mātauranga me te ahumahi ngā whakaritenga tino kaha mō te mahi whānui raina o te whakaitiiti taiaho, ko te nuinga i roto i: te hangarau whakaata rohe auau whatu (OFDR) e whakamahi ana i te hangarau kimi mārama hei tātari i ngā tohu marara o ngā muka whatu i roto i te rohe auau, me te whānuitanga o te kapinga (mano mita). Ko ngā painga o te taumira teitei (taumira taumata mirimita) me te aro teitei (tae atu ki te -100 dBm) kua noho hei tētahi o ngā hangarau me ngā tirohanga whānui i roto i te hangarau ine me te pūoko muka whatu tohatoha. Ko te kaupapa matua o te hangarau OFDR ko te whakamahi i te pūtake mārama ka taea te whakarerekē hei whakatutuki i te whakarerekētanga auau whatu, nō reira ko te mahi a te pūtake taiaho e whakatau ana i ngā mea matua pērā i te whānuitanga kitea OFDR, te aro me te taumira. Ina tata te tawhiti o te pūwāhi whakaata ki te roa o te hononga, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te tohu patu e te tauwehenga τ/τc. Mō te pūtake mārama Gaussian me te āhua hiato, kia nui ake ai te tirohanga o te auau patu i te 90%, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whānui rārangi o te pūtake mārama me te roa mōrahi o te pūnaha ka taea te whakatutuki ko Lmax~0.04vg/f, ko te tikanga mō te muka he 80 km te roa, he iti iho i te 100 Hz te whānui rārangi o te pūtake mārama. Hei tāpiri, ko te whanaketanga o ētahi atu tono i whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō te whānui rārangi o te pūtake mārama. Hei tauira, i roto i te pūnaha waea wai muka whatu, ko te whānui rārangi o te pūtake mārama te mea e whakatau ana i te haruru o te pūnaha, ā, e whakatau ana hoki i te tohu iti rawa e taea te ine o te pūnaha. I roto i te whakaata rohe wā whatu Brillouin (BOTDR), ko te taumira ine o te pāmahana me te ahotea ka whakatauhia e te whānui rārangi o te pūtake mārama. I roto i te gyro muka whatu resonator, ka taea te whakanui ake i te roa o te hononga o te ngaru mārama mā te whakaiti i te whānui o te rārangi o te pūtake mārama, kia pai ake ai te ātaahua me te hohonutanga o te resonator, kia whakaitihia ai te whānui o te rārangi o te resonator, kia tika ai te ine o te gyro muka whatu.
1.2 Ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pūtake taiaho whiti
He ngāwari te mahi whakatikatika roangaru o te taiaho whāwhā kotahi-ngaru, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā taiaho whāwhā maha-pumau putanga, ka whakaiti i te utu o te hanganga pūnaha, he wāhanga nui o te pūnaha pūoko muka whatu. Hei tauira, i roto i te pūoko muka hau iti, he rerekē ngā tihi mimiti hau o ngā momo hau rerekē. Hei whakarite i te pai o te mimiti mārama ina rawaka te hau ine me te whakatutuki i te aro nui ake o te ine, me whakarite te roangaru o te pūtake mārama tuku ki te tihi mimiti o te ngota hau. Ko te momo hau ka taea te kite ka whakatauhia e te roangaru o te pūtake mārama pūoko. Nō reira, he nui ake te ngāwari o te ine o ngā taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti me te mahi whakatikatika whānui pumau i roto i aua pūnaha pūoko. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi pūnaha pūoko muka whatu tohatoha e hangai ana ki te whakaata rohe auau whatu, me tere te whāwhā i te taiaho i ia wā kia tutuki ai te kitenga mārama me te whakakore i ngā tohu whatu, nō reira he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te tere whakarerekētanga o te pūtake taiaho, ā, ko te tere whāwhā o te taiaho whakarerekē me eke ki te 10 pm/μs. Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki te whakamahi whānuitia te taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti ka taea te whakarerekē i te roanga ngaru i roto i te liDAR, te taiaho mamao me te tātaritanga hiranga teitei-taumira me ētahi atu mara taiaho. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā tawhā mahi teitei o te whānui-whānui whakahāngai, te tika o te whakahāngai me te tere o te whakahāngai o ngā taiaho roa-ngaru kotahi i roto i te mara o te taiaho muka, ko te whāinga whānui o te ako i ngā taiaho muka whānui-whāiti ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā tau tata nei ko te whakatutuki i te whakahāngai-teitei-tika i roto i te awhe roanga ngaru nui ake i runga i te whai i te whānui-rārangi taiaho tino whaiti, te haruru wāhanga tino iti, me te auau me te mana putanga tino pumau.
1.3 Te hiahia mō te pūtake mārama taiaho mā
I roto i te mara o te pūoko whatu, he mea nui te taiaho mārama ma kounga teitei hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha. Ko te whānui o te whānuitanga o te taiaho mārama ma, ko te whānui ake o tana whakamahinga i roto i te pūnaha pūoko muka whatu. Hei tauira, i te whakamahi i te whatu muka Bragg (FBG) hei hanga i tētahi whatunga pūoko, ka taea te whakamahi i te tātaritanga hihi, i te tikanga taurite tātari rānei hei whakakore i te hihi. Ko te tuatahi i whakamahi i te ine hihi hei whakamātautau tika i ia roangaru oro FBG i roto i te whatunga. Ko te tuarua ka whakamahi i te tātari tohutoro hei aroturuki me te whakarite i te FBG i roto i te pūoko, e rua e hiahia ana ki tētahi pūtake mārama whānui hei pūtake mārama whakamātautau mō te FBG. Nā te mea he ngaronga whakaurunga motuhake tō ia whatunga urunga FBG, ā, he whānui ake i te 0.1 nm, ko te whakakore i te hihi maha o ngā FBG i te wā kotahi me whai pūtake mārama whānui me te mana teitei me te whānui teitei. Hei tauira, ina whakamahia te whatu muka roa (LPFG) mō te ine, nā te mea ko te whānui o te tihi ngaronga kotahi kei roto i te 10 nm, me whai pūtake mārama whānui me te whānui rawaka me te whānui papatahi kia tika ai te tautuhi i ōna āhuatanga tihi resonant. Ina koa, ko te whatu muka oro (AIFG) i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te pānga acousto-optical ka taea te whakatutuki i te whānuitanga o te roangaru resonant tae atu ki te 1000 nm mā te ine hiko. Nō reira, ko te whakamātautau whatu hihiri me tētahi whānuitanga whānui rawa atu he wero nui ki te whānuitanga o te whānui o te pūtake mārama whānui. Waihoki, i ngā tau tata nei, kua whakamahia whānuitia hoki te whatu muka Bragg whakatītaha i roto i te mara o te ine muka. Nā ōna āhuatanga o te whānuitanga ngaronga maha-tihi, ka taea e te whānuitanga tohatoha roangaru te tae ki te 40 nm. Ko tana tikanga ine ko te whakataurite i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā tihi tuku maha, nō reira me ine katoa i tana whānuitanga tuku. Me teitei ake te whānui me te kaha o te pūtake mārama whānui.
2. Te tūnga rangahau i te kāinga me tāwāhi
2.1 Pūtake mārama taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti
2.1.1 Taiaho urupare tohatoha ā-ira-whāiti whānui-rārangi
I te tau 2006, i whakaitihia e Cliche me ētahi atu te tauine MHz o te haurua-ā-iraReera DFB(reiti urupare tohatoha) ki te tauine kHz mā te whakamahi i te tikanga urupare hiko; I te tau 2011, i whakamahia e Kessler me ētahi atu te kōhao karaihe kotahi pāmahana iti me te pumau teitei me te whakahaere urupare hohe hei whiwhi i te putanga reiti whānui raina tino-whaiti o te 40 MHz; I te tau 2013, i whiwhi a Peng me ētahi atu i te putanga reiti haurua-haurua me te whānui raina o te 15 kHz mā te whakamahi i te tikanga o te whakatikatika urupare o waho a Fabry-Perot (FP). Ko te tikanga urupare hiko i whakamahia te urupare pumau auau Pond-Drever-Hall hei whakaiti i te whānui raina reiti o te pūtake mārama. I te tau 2010, i hangaia e Bernhardi me ētahi atu te 1 cm o te alumina FBG i pania ki te erbium i runga i te papa silicon oxide hei whiwhi i te putanga reiti me te whānui raina o te 1.7 kHz. I taua tau anō, i hangaia e Liang me ētahi atu. i whakamahia te urupare werohanga-ā-roto o te marara Rayleigh whakamuri i hangaia e te resonator pakitara whakaata Q-teitei mō te kōpeketanga whānui-rārangi taiaho haurua-ira, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1, ā, i te mutunga i whiwhi i te putanga taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti o te 160 Hz.
Pikitia 1 (a) Kauwhata o te kōpeketanga whānui raina taiaho haurua-ira i runga i te marara Rayleigh werohanga-ā-unoa o te resonator aratau taiwhanga whispering o waho;
(b) Te whānuitanga auau o te taiaho haurua-ira e rere kore utu ana me te whānuitanga raina o te 8 MHz;
(c) Te auau o te taiaho me te whānui raina kua pēhia ki te 160 Hz
2.1.2 Taiaho muka whānui-rārangi whaiti
Mō ngā taiaho muka kōhao rārangi, ka whiwhihia te putanga taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti o te aratau roa kotahi mā te whakapoto i te roa o te resonator me te whakanui ake i te wā aratau roa. I te tau 2004, i whiwhi a Spiegelberg me ētahi atu i tētahi putanga taiaho whānui-rārangi whaiti aratau roa kotahi me te whānui-rārangi o te 2 kHz mā te whakamahi i te tikanga kōhao poto DBR. I te tau 2007, i whakamahia e Shen me ētahi atu i tētahi muka silicon 2 cm te matotoru kua pania ki te erbium hei tuhi i te FBG ki runga i tētahi muka whakaahua-tairongo kua pania ki te Bi-Ge, ā, i honoa ki tētahi muka hohe hei hanga i tētahi kōhao rārangi kiato, kia iti iho i te 1 kHz te whānui o te rārangi putanga taiaho. I te tau 2010, i whakamahia e Yang me ētahi atu i tētahi kōhao rārangi poto 2cm te matotoru kua pania ki tētahi tātari FBG whāiti hei whiwhi i tētahi putanga taiaho aratau roa kotahi me te whānui rārangi iti iho i te 2 kHz. I te tau 2014, i whakamahia e te tīma tētahi kōhao poto rārangi (he resonator mowhiti mariko kua whakapikohia) i honoa ki tētahi tātari FBG-FP hei whiwhi i tētahi putanga laser me te whānui rārangi whaiti ake, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3. I te tau 2012, i whakamahia e Cai me ētahi atu he hanganga kōhao poto 1.4cm hei whiwhi i tētahi putanga laser pōrari me te mana putanga nui atu i te 114 mW, he roangaru pokapū o te 1540.3 nm, me te whānui rārangi o te 4.1 kHz. I te tau 2013, i whakamahia e Meng me ētahi atu te marara Brillouin o te muka kua tāpirihia ki te erbium me tētahi kōhao mowhiti poto o tētahi taputapu tiaki-pēhanga-katoa hei whiwhi i tētahi putanga laser aratau-roa kotahi, he iti-wāhanga haruru me te mana putanga o te 10 mW. I te tau 2015, i whakamahia e te tīma tētahi kōhao mowhiti i titoa ki te muka kua tāpirihia ki te erbium 45 cm hei reo whakanui marara Brillouin hei whiwhi i tētahi paepae iti me te putanga laser whānui rārangi whaiti.
Pikitia 2 (a) Te tuhi hoahoa o te taiaho muka SLC;
(b) Te āhua rārangi o te tohu heterodyne i inehia me te whakaroa muka 97.6 km
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 20-2023