Ngā pūoko whakaahua me ngā roangaru tapahi

Nga kairapu whakaahuame ngā roangaru tapahi

E arotahi ana tēnei tuhinga ki ngā rauemi me ngā mātāpono mahi o ngā taputapu whakaahua (ina koa ko te tikanga urupare e ahu mai ana i te ariā roopu), tae atu ki ngā tawhā matua me ngā horopaki tono o ngā rauemi haurua-ira rerekē.
1. Mātāpono matua: Ka mahi te pūoko whakaahua i runga i te pānga whakaahua-hiko. Me kawe e ngā photon taupatupatu te kaha e tika ana (nui atu i te whānui o te āputa roopu Eg o te rauemi) hei whakaoho i ngā irahiko mai i te roopu valence ki te roopu kawe, ka hanga he tohu hiko ka taea te kite. He rite whakamuri te kaha photon ki te roanga ngaru, nō reira he "roanga ngaru tapahi" (λ c) tā te pūoko – ko te roanga ngaru mōrahi ka taea te urupare, engari kāore e taea te urupare pai i tua atu. Ka taea te whakatau tata i te roanga ngaru tapahi mā te whakamahi i te tātai λ c ≈ 1240/Eg (nm), ko Eg ka inehia i roto i te eV.
2. Ngā rauemi matua o te haurua-ā-ira me ō rātou āhuatanga:
Hiraka (Si): te whānui o te āputa o te roopu he tata ki te 1.12 eV, te roangaru tapahi he tata ki te 1107 nm. He pai mō te kimi roangaru poto pēnei i te 850 nm, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hononga muka whatu maha-aratau poto (pēnei i ngā pokapū raraunga).
Te Gallium arsenide (GaAs): te whānui o te āputa o te 1.42 eV, te roangaru tapahi tata ki te 873 nm. He pai mō te roangaru 850 nm, ka taea te whakauru ki ngā pūtake mārama VCSEL o te rauemi kotahi i runga i te maramara kotahi.
Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs): Ka taea te whakarite i te whānui o te āputa i waenga i te 0.36~1.42 eV, ā, ko te roangaru tapahi e kapi ana i te 873~3542 nm. Koinei te rauemi kite matua mō ngā matapihi whakawhitiwhiti muka 1310 nm me te 1550 nm, engari me whai papa InP, ā, he uaua ki te whakauru atu ki ngā ara iahiko e hangai ana ki te silicon.
Tiamanauma (Ge): me te whānui o te āputa roopu tata ki te 0.66 eV me te roangaru tapahi tata ki te 1879 nm. Ka taea te hipoki i te 1550 nm ki te 1625 nm (roopu-L) ā, he hototahi ki ngā papa silicon, he otinga whai hua mō te whakaroa i te urupare ki ngā roopu roa.
Ko te koranu silicon germanium (pērā i te Si0.5Ge0.5): te whānui o te āputa roopu tata ki te 0.96 eV, te roangaru tapahi tata ki te 1292 nm. Mā te tāpiri i te germanium ki te silicon, ka taea te whakawhānui i te roangaru urupare ki ngā roopu roa ake i runga i te papa silicon.
3. Hononga horopaki tono:
Roopu 850 nm:Ngā pūoko whakaahua siliconka taea rānei te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakaahua GaAs.
Roopu 1310/1550 nm:Ngā pūoko whakaahua InGaAse whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ka taea hoki e ngā taputapu whakaahua germanium parakore, silicon germanium alloy rānei te kapi i tēnei awhe, ā, he painga pea kei roto i te whakaurunga e hangai ana ki te silicon.

I te nuinga o te wā, mā roto i ngā ariā matua o te ariā roopu me te roangaru tapahi, kua arotakehia ngā āhuatanga tono me te whānuitanga hipoki roangaru o ngā rauemi haurua-ā-ira rerekē i roto i ngā taputapu whakaahua, ā, kua tohua te whanaungatanga tata i waenga i te kōwhiringa rauemi, te matapihi roangaru whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu, me te utu tukanga whakauru.