Ko te huānga whatu whakarara he momo huānga whatu he nui te whai huatanga whakarara, e ahu mai ana i te ariā whakarara o te ngaru mārama, ā, e whakamahi ana i te hoahoa āwhina-rorohiko me te tukanga hanga maramara haurua-ira hei whakairo i te taahiraa, i te hanganga whakawātea tonu rānei i runga i te papa (i te mata rānei o te taputapu whatu tuku iho). He angiangi, he māmā, he iti te rahi o ngā huānga whatu whakarara, he nui te whai huatanga whakarara, he maha ngā nekehanga hoahoa herekore, he pai te pumau wera me ngā āhuatanga marara ahurei. He wāhanga nui ēnei o te maha o ngā taputapu whatu. I te mea ka arahi tonu te whakarara ki te whakawhāiti i te taumira teitei o te pūnaha whatu, ka ngana tonu ngā whatu tuku iho ki te karo i ngā pānga kino i puta mai i te pānga whakarara tae noa ki te tekau tau 1960, me te hanganga angitu o te holography analog me te hologram rorohiko me te hoahoa ā-wāhanga i puta ai he huringa nui ki te ariā. I te tekau tau 1970, ahakoa te pai haere o te hangarau o te hologram rorohiko me te hoahoa ā-wāhanga, he uaua tonu te hanga i ngā huānga hanganga hyperfine me te whai huatanga whakarara teitei i roto i ngā roangaru kitea me te tata infrared, nā reira ka whakawhāitihia te whānuitanga o te tono mahi o ngā huānga whatu whakarara. I ngā tau 1980, i te tuatahi ka whakauruhia e tētahi rōpū rangahau nā WBVeldkamp o te MIT Lincoln Laboratory i te United States te hangarau lithography o te hanga VLSI ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga whatu diffractive, ā, ka whakaarohia te ariā o te "whatu rua". Whai muri i tēnā, ka puta tonu mai ngā tikanga tukatuka hou, tae atu ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga whatu diffractive kounga teitei me te maha-mahi. Nā tēnei i tino whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā wāhanga whatu diffractive.
Te whai huatanga o te wehewehenga o tētahi huānga whatu wehewehenga
Ko te whai huatanga o te whakarara tētahi o ngā taupū nui hei aromatawai i ngā huānga whatu whakarara me ngā pūnaha whatu whakarara whakauru me ngā huānga whatu whakarara. I muri i te whitinga o te mārama mā roto i te huānga whatu whakarara, ka puta he maha ngā raupapa whakarara. Ko te tikanga, ko te mārama o te raupapa whakarara matua anake ka arohia. Ka hangaia e te mārama o ētahi atu raupapa whakarara he mārama kotiti ki runga i te papa whakaahua o te raupapa whakarara matua, ā, ka whakaitihia te rerekētanga o te papa whakaahua. Nō reira, ka pā tika te whai huatanga o te whakarara o te huānga whatu whakarara ki te kounga whakaahua o te huānga whatu whakarara.
Te whakawhanaketanga o ngā huānga whatu whakarara
Nā te huānga whatu whakarara me tōna mata whakahaere ngaru ngāwari, kei te whanake te pūnaha whatu me te taputapu ki te mārama, ki te whakaiti me te whakauru. Tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua noho te ako i ngā huānga whatu whakarara hei kaupapa matua o te mara whatu. Ka taea te whakamahi whānui i ēnei wāhanga ki te whakatikatika mata ngaru taiaho, te hanga kōtaha hihi, te whakaputa rarangi hihi, te hononga whatu, te tatau whakarara whatu, te whakawhitiwhiti whatu amiorangi me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Mei-25-2023