Hangarau whatu ngaruiti kuantum

Kuantumwhatu ngaruitihangarau
Hangarau whatu ngaruitikua noho hei mara kaha, e whakakotahi ana i ngā painga o te hangarau whatu me te hangarau ngaruiti i roto i te tukatuka tohu, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te rongo me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Heoi, kei te pāngia ngā pūnaha whakaahua ngaruiti tuku iho e ētahi herenga matua, inā koa i roto i te whānui me te aro. Hei wikitoria i ēnei wero, kei te tīmata ngā kairangahau ki te tūhura i te whakaahua ngaruiti irahiko – he mara hou whakahihiri e whakakotahi ana i ngā ariā o te hangarau irahiko me te whakaahua ngaruiti.

Ngā kaupapa matua o te hangarau whatu ngaruiti irahiko
Ko te kaupapa matua o te hangarau whatu ngaruiti irahiko ko te whakakapi i te hangarau whatu tuku ihopūoko whakaahuai roto i tehononga photon ngaruitime tētahi pūoko whakaahua photon kotahi tairongo-teitei. Mā tēnei ka taea e te pūnaha te mahi i ngā taumata mana whatu tino iti, tae noa ki te taumata photon kotahi, me te whakapiki ake anō hoki i te whānui o te raraunga.
Ko ngā pūnaha photon ngaruiti kuantum noa ko: 1. Ngā pūtake photon kotahi (hei tauira, ngā taiaho kua whakaitihia 2.Kaiwhakarerekē hiko-whatumō te whakakōwae i ngā tohu ngaruiti/RF 3. Wāhanga tukatuka tohu whatu 4. Ngā pūoko photon kotahi (hei tauira, ngā pūoko nanowire superconducting) 5. Ngā taputapu hiko Tatau photon kotahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā (TCSPC)
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te whakataurite i waenga i ngā hononga photon ngaruiti tuku iho me ngā hononga photon ngaruiti kuantum:

Ko te rerekētanga matua ko te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko photon takitahi me ngā kōwae TCSPC hei utu mō ngā photodiode tere-rahi. Mā tēnei ka taea te kite i ngā tohu tino ngoikore, me te tumanako ka panaia te whānui o te raraunga ki tua atu i ngā rohe o ngā pūoko photodetector tuku iho.

Kaupapa kimi irahiko kotahi
He mea tino nui te kaupapa kimi i te photon kotahi mō ngā pūnaha photon ngaruiti kuantum. Ko te mātāpono mahi e whai ake nei: 1. Ka tukuna te tohu whakaoho ā-wā e tukutahi ana me te tohu i inehia ki te kōwae TCSPC. 2. Ka whakaputahia e te pūoko photon kotahi he raupapa o ngā pāorooro e tohu ana i ngā photon kua kitea. 3. Ka ine te kōwae TCSPC i te rerekētanga wā i waenga i te tohu whakaoho me ia photon kua kitea. 4. Whai muri i ētahi takahuri whakaoho, ka whakatūria te histogram wā kitenga. 5. Ka taea e te histogram te hanga anō i te āhua ngaru o te tohu taketake. Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu ko te tūponotanga o te kitenga i tētahi photon i tētahi wā kua whakaritea he rite ki te mana whatu i taua wā. Nō reira, ka taea e te histogram o te wā kitenga te whakaatu tika i te āhua ngaru o te tohu i inehia.

Ngā painga matua o te hangarau whatu ngaruiti irahiko
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pūnaha whatu ngaruiti tuku iho, he maha ngā painga matua o te hangarau whakaahua ngaruiti quantum: 1. Te aro nui rawa atu: Ka kitea ngā tohu tino ngoikore tae noa ki te taumata photon kotahi. 2. Te whakanui ake i te whānui o te hononga: kāore e herea e te whānui o te hononga o te photodetector, engari ka pāngia e te wiri wā o te photon kotahi. 3. Te whakarei ake i te ārai-whakararuraru: Ka taea e te hanga hou TCSPC te tātari i ngā tohu kāore i te mau ki te pūwhakaoho. 4. Te iti ake o te haruru: Āraia te haruru i puta mai i te kitenga me te whakanui hiko tuku iho.