Momo hanganga o te taputapu whakaahua-kite

Momo otaputapu kimi whakaahuahanganga
Pūoko Whakaahuahe taputapu e huri ana i te tohu whatu hei tohu hiko, ‌ tōna hanganga me tōna momo, ‌ ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā kāwai e whai ake nei: ‌
(1) Pūoko whakaahua kawe whakaahua
Ina whakaatuhia ngā taputapu kawe hiko ki te mārama, ka whakanuia e te kaikawe hiko whakaputa-whakaahua tō rātou kawe hiko, ā, ka whakaitihia tō rātou ātete. Ka neke ngā kaikawe hiko e whakaohokia ana i te pāmahana rūma i raro i te mahi a te papa hiko, ā, ka puta he iahiko. I raro i te āhua o te mārama, ka whakaohokia ngā irahiko, ā, ka puta he whakawhiti. I taua wā anō, ka rere rātou i raro i te mahi a te papa hiko hei hanga i te iahiko whakaahua. Ka whakanuia e ngā kaikawe hiko whakaputa-whakaahua te kawe hiko o te taputapu, ā, ka whakaitihia te ātete. Ko ngā taputapu kite hiko kawe-whakaahua he nui te whakanui me te urupare pai i roto i te mahi, engari kāore e taea e rātou te urupare ki ngā tohu whatu auau-tiketike, nō reira he puhoi te tere urupare, e whakawhāiti ana i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu kawe-whakaahua i ētahi āhuatanga.

(2)Pūoko whakaahua PN
Ka hangaia te pūoko whakaahua PN mā te pa atu i waenga i te rauemi haurua-P me te rauemi haurua-N. I mua i te pa atu, kei roto ngā rauemi e rua i tētahi āhua motuhake. Kei te tata te taumata Fermi i roto i te haurua-P ki te taha o te roopu valence, ko te taumata Fermi i roto i te haurua-N kei ​​te tata ki te taha o te roopu kawe. I taua wā anō, ka nekehia tonutia te taumata Fermi o te rauemi momo-N i te taha o te roopu kawe ki raro tae noa ki te taumata Fermi o ngā rauemi e rua i te tūranga kotahi. Ka haere tahi hoki te huringa o te tūranga o te roopu kawe me te roopu valence me te piko o te roopu. Kei te taurite te hononga PN, ā, he taumata Fermi ōrite. Mai i te tirohanga o te tātari kaikawe utu, ko te nuinga o ngā kaikawe utu i roto i ngā rauemi momo-P he pū, ko te nuinga o ngā kaikawe utu i roto i ngā rauemi momo-N he irahiko. Ina pa atu ngā rauemi e rua, nā te rerekētanga o te kukū o ngā kaikawe, ka horapa ngā irahiko i roto i ngā rauemi momo-N ki te momo-P, ko ngā irahiko i roto i ngā rauemi momo-N ka horapa ki te taha ke atu i ngā pū. Ko te wāhi kāore i utua i mahue i te horapa o ngā irahiko me ngā kōhao ka hanga he mara hiko kua hangaia, ā, ka anga te mara hiko kua hangaia ki te nekeneke kawe, ā, ko te ahunga o te nekeneke he ritenga kē atu i te ahunga o te horapa, ko te tikanga ko te hanganga o te mara hiko kua hangaia ki roto ka ārai i te horapa o ngā kawe, ā, kei roto i te hononga PN te horapa me te nekeneke tae noa ki te taurite o ngā momo nekehanga e rua, kia kore ai te rere o te kawe pūmau. Taurite hihiri ā-roto.
Ina pāngia te hononga PN e te hihi mārama, ka tukuna te kaha o te photon ki te kaikawe, ā, ka puta te kaikawe whakaahua, arā, te takirua irahiko-pōhao whakaahua. I raro i te mahi a te mara hiko, ka neke te irahiko me te pōhao ki te rohe N me te rohe P, ā, ka puta te iahiko whakaahua nā te nekenga aronga o te kaikawe whakaahua. Koinei te kaupapa matua o te taputapu whakaahua hononga PN.

(3)Pūoko whakaahua PIN
Ko te pūwhakaahua titi he rauemi momo-P, ā, ko te rauemi momo-N kei ​​waenganui i te paparanga I. Ko te paparanga I o te rauemi he rauemi ā-roto, he rauemi iti-whakaurunga rānei. He rite tonu tana tikanga mahi ki te hononga PN. Ina pāngia te hononga PIN e te hihi mārama, ka whakawhiti te photon i te kaha ki te irahiko, ka whakaputa i ngā kaikawe utu whakaputa whakaahua, ā, ka wehea e te papa hiko ā-roto, e te papa hiko ā-waho rānei ngā takirua irahiko-pōha whakaputa whakaahua i roto i te paparanga whakaheke, ā, ka hangaia e ngā kaikawe utu nekeneke he iahiko i roto i te ara iahiko o waho. Ko te mahi a te paparanga I ko te whakawhānui i te whānui o te paparanga whakaheke, ā, ka tino noho te paparanga I hei paparanga whakaheke i raro i te ngaohiko nui, ā, ka tere te wehea o ngā takirua irahiko-pōha whakaputa whakaahua, nō reira he tere ake te tere urupare o te pūwhakaahua hononga PIN i te pūwhakaahua hononga PN. Ka kohia hoki ngā kaikawe i waho o te paparanga I e te paparanga whakaheke mā te nekehanga horapa, ka hangaia he iahiko horapa. He tino angiangi te matotoru o te paparanga I, ā, ko tana kaupapa he whakapai ake i te tere urupare o te pūwhakaahua.

(4)Pūoko whakaahua APDte pūoro whakaahua horonga
Te tikanga ote pūoro whakaahua horongaHe rite tonu ki te hononga PN. Ka whakamahia e te taputapu whakaahua APD te hononga PN kua tino tāpirihia, he nui te ngaohiko whakahaere i runga i te kitenga APD, ā, ina tāpirihia he nui te whakahurihuri, ka puta te ionization tukinga me te whakanui i te avalanche i roto i te APD, ā, ka piki ake te mahi a te taputapu whakaahua. Ina kei roto te APD i te aratau whakahurihuri, ka tino kaha te mara hiko i roto i te paparanga whakahekenga, ā, ka tere te wehea o ngā kaikawe whakaahua i hangaia e te mārama, ka tere te rere i raro i te mahi a te mara hiko. He tūponotanga ka tukinga ngā irahiko ki roto i te whatunga i roto i tēnei tukanga, ka meinga ngā irahiko i roto i te whatunga kia ionized. Ka whakahokia tēnei tukanga, ā, ka tukinga hoki ngā irahiko kua ionized i roto i te whatunga ki te whatunga, ka meinga te maha o ngā kaikawe utu i roto i te APD kia piki ake, ka hua ake he ia nui. Koinei te tikanga tinana ahurei i roto i te APD e whai ana ngā taputapu whakaahua-APD i ngā āhuatanga o te tere urupare tere, te nui o te uara ia me te aro nui. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hononga PN me te hononga PIN, he tere ake te urupare a te APD, koinei te tere urupare tere rawa atu i roto i ngā ngongo whakaahua-iahiko.

(5) Pūoko whakaahua hononga Schottky
Ko te hanganga taketake o te pūoko whakaahua hononga Schottky he diode Schottky, he rite tonu ōna āhuatanga hiko ki ērā o te hononga PN kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, ā, he kawe hiko kotahi te ahunga me te kawe hiko pai me te tapahi whakamuri. Ina hangaia he hononga e te konganuku he mahi mahi teitei me te haurua-ā-ira he mahi mahi iti, ka hangaia he arai Schottky, ā, ko te hononga ka puta ko te hononga Schottky. He rite tonu te tikanga matua ki te hononga PN, me te tango i ngā haurua-ā-ira momo-N hei tauira, ina hangaia he hononga e rua ngā rauemi, nā te rerekētanga o ngā kukū irahiko o ngā rauemi e rua, ka horapa ngā irahiko i roto i te haurua-ā-ira ki te taha konganuku. Ka kohikohi tonu ngā irahiko horapa i tetahi pito o te konganuku, ka whakangaro i te kore hiko taketake o te konganuku, ka hanga he mara hiko kua hangaia mai i te haurua-ā-ira ki te konganuku i runga i te mata pa, ā, ka rere ngā irahiko i raro i te mahi a te mara hiko o roto, ā, ka mahia te nekehanga horapa me te nekeneke o te kaikawe i te wā kotahi, i muri i tētahi wā ka tae ki te taurite hihiri, ā, ka mutu ka hanga he hononga Schottky. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mārama, ka mimiti tika te rohe ārai i te mārama, ka whakaputa i ngā takirua irahiko-pōhao, ko ngā kaikawe whakaahua i roto i te hononga PN me haere mā te rohe horapa kia tae atu ai ki te rohe hononga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hononga PN, he tere ake te tere urupare o te taputapu whakaahua e hangai ana ki te hononga Schottky, ā, ka taea e te tere urupare te eke ki te taumata ns.